HIV & STI Transmission Dynamics along Transport Routes Linking the Americas

艾滋病病毒

• 批准号: 7546932
• 负责人: Kimberly C Brouwer
• 金额: $ 15.8万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-30 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7546932
• 关键词: Affect; Africa; American; Americas; Asia; Behavior; Blood; California; Central America; Central American; Cities; Collaborations; Consult; Country; Data; Depth; Diffusion; Drug resistance; Drug usage; Employee; Epidemic; Family; Female; Fostering; Genetic; Genetic Variation; Guatemala; HIV; HIV-1; Head; Health; Health Services Accessibility; Home environment; Industry; Infection; Injecting drug user; Institution; International; Interview; Knowledge; Latin America; Lead; Link; Location; Maps; Mexican; Mexico; National Institute of Drug Abuse; North America; Numbers; Policies; Population; Poverty; Predisposition; Prevalence; Public Health; Purpose; Recombinants; Research; Research Infrastructure; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk-Taking; Role; Route; Sampling; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; South America; Substance abuse problem; Syphilis; Testing; Time; Transportation; Universities; Viral; Virulence; Work; disease transmission; high risk behavior; information gathering; men who have sex with men; migration; prevent; programs; research study; sex; stem; transmission process; trend; vaccine development

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objective of this project is to investigate mobility, risk behaviors, and infectious disease transmission in at risk groups along major transportation corridors in Mexico, linking North and Central America. Mobility is associated with family separation, cultural changes, poverty, and related high risk behaviors which can spread sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and blood-borne infections. Long-distance trucking routes have been identified as important corridors of transmission of HIV and new viral subtypes. The specific aims of this project are: 1) to gather information on trucking company policies and several major trucking routes linking the Americas; 2) to assess the context and type of high risk sexual and drug using behaviors and HIV prevalence among a) high risk long-distance truck drivers whose routes pass through Mexico and b) female sex workers (FSW) with truck driver clientele; 3) to characterize the genetic diversity of HIV in truck drivers and FSWs in two major transportation corridors in Mexico - linking North and Central America. To meet Aim 1, we will consult transportation companies and officials, supplemented with information obtained from truck drivers in Aim 2, to digitally map trucking routes and gain an understanding of current health and work policies of their employees. To meet Aim 2, we will conduct 100 interviews with high risk truck drivers and 100 with FSWs in the largest northern Mexico/U.S. commercial freight corridor (Nuevo Laredo) and along the Mexico/Guatemala border (Ciudad Hidalgo). Interviews will include questions on trucking routes and stops, risk behaviors, HIV/STI knowledge, and access to health services; all will be screened for HIV and syphilis via rapid testing. Additionally, 15 face-to-face, in-depth interviews with truck drivers will be conducted in each city in order to provide information on the context of risk behaviors and data to generate new hypotheses. To meet Aim 3, we will sequence HIV-1 samples from FSWs and trucker drivers found to be positive in Aim 2. HIV sequences will allow us to assess if recombinants or drug resistant strains of HIV-1 have appeared in these cities. As major trucking routes have been identified as important corridors of disease transmission in other settings, they may be one of the first places new HIV subtypes will be identified. This project is timely as HIV prevalence is on the rise along both the U.S./Mexico and Mexico/Guatemala borders, regions where we have already formed a number of binational collaborations. Further, we will be able to explore the effects of a pilot program that began in 9/07 that allows Mexican and U.S. truck drivers to make deliveries in each other's respective countries. The proposed project, which will generate preliminary data for a larger study and strengthen HIV/drug use research capacity in Mexico, is expected to lead to a better understanding of factors associated with risk behaviors in truck drivers and may help to influence policies in order to reduce the transmission of infectious diseases in North America.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的目的是调查墨西哥连接北美和中美洲的主要交通走廊沿线高危人群的流动性、危险行为和传染病传播。流动性与家庭分离、文化变迁、贫困以及相关的可传播性传播感染和血源性感染的高风险行为有关。长途卡车运输路线已被确定为艾滋病毒和新病毒亚型传播的重要通道。该项目的具体目的是：1)收集有关卡车运输公司政策和连接美洲的几条主要卡车运输路线的信息；2)评估a)途经墨西哥的高风险长途卡车司机和b)以卡车司机为服务对象的女性性工作者（FSW）的高危性行为和吸毒行为的背景、类型和艾滋病毒流行情况；3)在墨西哥连接北美和中美洲的两条主要交通走廊上，研究卡车司机和女工HIV的遗传多样性。为了实现目标1，我们将咨询运输公司和官员，并辅以目标2中从卡车司机那里获得的信息，绘制卡车运输路线的数字地图，并了解其员工当前的健康和工作政策。为了实现目标2，我们将在墨西哥/美国北部最大的地区对100名高风险卡车司机和100名fsw进行访谈商业货运走廊（新拉雷多）和沿墨西哥/危地马拉边境（Ciudad Hidalgo）。面谈将包括有关卡车运输路线和停靠站、风险行为、艾滋病毒/性传播感染知识以及获得卫生服务的问题；所有人都将通过快速检测进行艾滋病毒和梅毒筛查。此外，将在每个城市对卡车司机进行15次面对面的深入访谈，以提供有关风险行为背景的信息和数据，以产生新的假设。为了满足Aim 3，我们将对在Aim 2中发现阳性的女工和卡车司机的HIV-1样本进行测序。HIV序列将使我们能够评估这些城市中是否出现了HIV-1的重组或耐药菌株。由于主要的卡车运输路线已被确定为其他环境中疾病传播的重要通道，它们可能是发现新的艾滋病毒亚型的首批地点之一。这个项目非常及时，因为美国和墨西哥以及墨西哥和危地马拉边境地区的艾滋病毒感染率都在上升，我们已经在这些地区建立了一些双边合作。此外，我们将能够探索2007年9月开始的一个试点项目的效果，该项目允许墨西哥和美国的卡车司机在各自的国家运送货物。拟议的项目将为一项更大规模的研究提供初步数据，并加强墨西哥的艾滋病毒/药物使用研究能力，预计将使人们更好地了解与卡车司机危险行为有关的因素，并可能有助于影响政策，以减少传染病在北美的传播。