Perinatal white matter development and fetal hypoxia

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DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cerebral palsy (CP) is the leading cause of neurological disability in survivors of neonatal intensive care. The impediments to progress have been a lack of a suitable animal model of CP and a lack of diagnostic tools of fetal brain injury; both are addressed in this proposal. We will utilize a clinically relevant fetal animal mode mimicking acute placental insufficiency recently developed by us, which exhibits a CP phenotype in newborn rabbit pups following fetal hypoxia-ischemia (H-l) at 70% gestation. We have previously shown that reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are produced in fetal brain after H-l in this model, and administration of antioxidants to the mother ameliorates fetal brain injury and reverses hypertonia. Pilot studies show that white matter (WM) injury accompanied by death of oligodendrocyte (OL) precursors is produced by the H-l insult. Our approach focuses on cellular and molecular determinants of preterm cerebral white matter injury and its sequelae and uses a multidisciplinary innovative approach, integrating recent advances in immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) electrophysiology, myelination and oxidant biochemistry. Our hypothesis is that the predilection of the preterm white matter to injury from H-l is related to a maturation-dependent vulnerability of OL precursors whose death is a pathogenic factor in the genesis of subsequent myelination disturbances. We will also test the hypothesis that the vulnerability of OL precursors to H-l is related to production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in fetal brain. The specific aims are to determine: (1) whether neurobehavioral changes, specifically hypertonia at P1, induced by fetal H-l, are associated with white matter injury. (2) whether death of OL precursors from H-l is associated with subsequent injury to fiber tracts in the white matter. (3) the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in OL precursor and white matter injury at premature gestation. Our objectives are to understand the factors that predispose OL precursors to death from H-l and to establish whether there is a causal relationship between OL death in vivo and the genesis of cerebral myelination disturbances. Upon completion of this project, we hope to gain insight into strategies to prevent white matter injury by understanding intrinsic features of the OL which influence susceptibility to H-l. Efficacy of better clinical and biochemical markers of white matter injury including non-invasive MRI measures and safe, non-toxic therapies aimed at the fetus but administered to the mother will be tested.