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Spatial Spectrum Analysis:A metrology for accurate analysis of signal beam field aberration by planar optical components in quasi-optical feed systems

空间频谱分析：准光馈电系统中平面光学元件精确分析信号光束场像差的计量学

基本信息

批准号：
EP/D025524/1
负责人：
Robert Donnan
金额：
$ 16.11万
依托单位：
Queen Mary University of London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2006 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FD025524%2F1
关键词：
Spatial Spectrum Analysis metrology accurate

项目摘要

Many great scientific discoveries from medicine to astronomy have been the result of painstaking attention to detail and careful measurement. Classic examples of these have been the discovery of the double helix of DNA by Crick and Watson which critically dependended on the careful x-ray analysis of the DNA molecule by Wilkins and Franklin. But for the want of such high-quality measurements, the famous chemsit Linus Pauling would likely have achieved the correct solution earlier. Similarly, the discovery of Pluto was the result of careful attention to fine detail in the slight perturbations that were observed in the orbit of its neighbour, Neptune.This project is to do with such a concern for making measurements to a high accuracy, and thereby understand and control sources of error. The particular error of concern is the distortion that a cm or mm wavelength radio signal beam suffers when it travels through a box that can have many flat or focussing mirrors or other flat components that can condition a signal, by for example, either splitting the beam into different paths or, joining many signal beams of differing wavelength into one path. The mirror components in the box that focus or shape the beams have been well studied, and their distorting effects are well understood. The flat components that can perform a wide variety of signal conditioning functions, have not been so well studied. Their effects to distort a radio signal beam need careful measurement. The importance for measuring and controlling their effects to mis-shape a beam, stem from their wide and vital use in instruments that are used for remote sensing. These so-called quasi-optical wave guiding structures enable the electromagnetic wave to be guided with little loss, just as visible light can be with mirrors. Remote sensing has a vital role to play in gathering and supplying data that is being used now, for example, in monitoring global weather patterns. Specifically, a radiometer operating from 90-200 GHz can detect the natural emission from the upper atmosphere, process it into frequency bands with a quasi-optical system and, after processing, give information about the water vapour content. This is vital to accurate weather prediction. With higher quality data, achieved by having better-performing components in the measuring instrument, more reliable models can be made for instance in understanding and verifying global warming, or plotting the growth of the holes in Earth's ozone layer at its poles. Quasi-optical systems have many current and potential applications in areas ranging from medical diagnotics to security. This project therefore aims to build a facility that will enable accurate measurements of beam distortion caused by these lesser-studied, but indispensible, flat signal-conditoning components.

从医学到天文学，许多伟大的科学发现都是对细节的细致关注和仔细测量的结果。经典的例子是克里克和沃森发现了DNA的双螺旋结构，这一发现主要依赖于威尔金斯和富兰克林对DNA分子进行的仔细的X射线分析。如果不是因为缺乏这种高质量的测量，著名的化学家莱纳斯·鲍林可能早就得到了正确的解决方案。同样，冥王星的发现也是在其邻居海王星轨道上观测到的微小扰动中仔细注意细节的结果，本项目就是为了进行高精度测量，从而了解和控制误差来源。特别关注的误差是cm或mm波长的无线电信号光束在其穿过盒时所遭受的失真，该盒可以具有许多平坦或聚焦镜或其他平坦部件，这些平坦部件可以通过例如将光束分成不同的路径或者，将许多不同波长的信号光束连接到一个路径中。盒中聚焦或整形光束的反射镜组件已经得到了很好的研究，它们的扭曲效应是众所周知的。可执行各种信号调节功能的平板元件尚未得到很好的研究。它们对无线电信号波束的影响需要仔细测量。测量和控制其对光束变形的影响的重要性源于其在用于遥感的仪器中的广泛和重要用途。这些所谓的准光学波导结构使电磁波能够以很小的损耗被引导，就像可见光可以用镜子一样。遥感在收集和提供目前正在使用的数据方面发挥着至关重要的作用，例如，在监测全球天气模式方面。具体地说，在90-200千兆赫范围内工作的辐射计可以探测高层大气的自然辐射，用准光学系统将其处理成频带，并在处理后提供关于水蒸气含量的信息。这对准确的天气预报至关重要。通过测量仪器中性能更好的组件获得更高质量的数据，可以制作更可靠的模型，例如了解和验证全球变暖，或绘制地球两极臭氧层空洞的增长。准光学系统在从医学诊断到安全的领域中具有许多当前和潜在的应用。因此，本项目旨在建立一个设施，将使这些研究较少，但不可或缺的，平面信号调理组件所造成的光束失真的准确测量。