Minimal Access Navigated Orthopaedic Surgery (MAcNavOS)

该项目汇集了图像配准和形状建模的最新进展，这一创新可能会彻底改变一种非常常见的骨科手术：全髋关节置换术。这将大大提高手术的准确性和侵入性。通过我们的工业合作伙伴，我们获得了大量患者的CT扫描。我们第一次提出生成髋关节骨骼形状的计算机模型，以及它们在人群中的变化（一个统计形状模型），具有足够的统计能力来充分利用这些模型在实际应用中的潜力：生成手术计划和指导手术过程。我们将在统计形状模型定义方面进行基础工作，仔细分析需要多少数据集才能为我们的应用指定具有足够精度的模型，并定义是否需要针对亚种群或特定疾病的特定形状模型。我们将设计新的方法来实例化（重建）这些模型，以指导一个特定的病人的手术，使用现成的和低成本的x射线和超声成像。我们的新方法将在尸体数据上进行测试，作为相关DTI技术计划项目的一部分，将与商业电磁跟踪技术集成到全髋关节置换术的商业图像引导系统中并进行评估。有了这个系统，外科医生将能够在手术前拍摄术前的x射线图像，并在手术室对患者进行几次超声探头扫描，生成手术计划，指导他/她放置新的假体。这将不需要昂贵的辐射传输CT扫描和目前方法所需的侵入性骨暴露。它将极大地促进引入新的微创手术的应用。

This project brings together recent advances in image registration and shape modelling in an innovation that could revolutionise a very common orthopaedic procedure: total hip replacement. This should bring major improvements to the accuracy and invasiveness of the procedure. Through our industrial collaborator we have access to substantial numbers of CT scans of patients. For the first time we are proposing generation of a computer model of the shapes of the bones of the hip joint, and their variation across the population (a statistical shape model), with sufficient statistical power to fully exploit the potential of these models in a real application: generation of surgical plans and guidance of a surgical procedure. We will undertake fundamental work in statistical shape model definition, carefully analyse how many datasets are required to specify the model with sufficient accuracy for our application and define whether or not specific shape models for sub populations, or particular diseases are required. We will devise new methods for instantiating (reconstructing) these models to guide a particular patient's operation using readily available and low-cost X-ray and ultrasound imaging. Our new methodology will be tested on cadaver data and as part of the associated DTI Technology Programme project will be integrated with commercial electromagnetic tracking technologies into a commercial image guidance system for total hip replacement and evaluated. With this system a surgeon will be able to take the pre-operative X-ray image that is always taken prior to surgery and, with a few sweeps of an ultrasound probe over the patient in the operating room, generate a surgical plan to guide him/her in the placement of the new prosthesis. This will be done without expensive radiation delivering CT scanning and the invasive exposure of bone required in current methods. It will greatly facilitate the introduction of new minimally invasive procedures to this application.