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Adventures in Chemistry at Durham University

杜伦大学化学历险记

基本信息

批准号：
EP/D055237/1
负责人：
Karl Coleman
金额：
$ 34.2万
依托单位：
Durham University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2006 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FD055237%2F1
关键词：
Adventures Chemistry Durham University

项目摘要

Adventurous science is particularly difficult to define. It is very likely to give some fantastic new result, but at the same time it is also quite likely to not work. We're going to try three different projects:Project 1: Sorting Carbon Nanotubes by Flow Cytometry Carbon nanotubes are extremely small/about 50,000 times smaller than the thickness of a human hair. They are hollow cylinders made only of carbon atoms that look like rolled up sheets of 'chicken wire'. Sometimes they behave like metals and conduct electricity, other times they behave like electronic components such as transistors. In future we may be able to make electronic systems where all the components, from wires to transistors, are made from carbon. The real advantage is that these new carbon systems could be much faster and smaller than existing electronic systems that are currently made from silicon. The problem is that when carbon nanotubes are prepared the material contains a mixture of metallic and transistor-like particles which are virtually impossible to separate. We are going to use a machine that looks at nanotubes as they flow past a detector and depending on those properties the machine will sort them into different containers. Once we have separated these particles we hope to be able to create a new type of carbon-based electronics.Project 2: A New Source for Ultra-Cold Molecules Quantum computers harness the power of atoms and molecules to perform memory and processing tasks and have the potential to perform certain calculations billions of times faster than any silicon-based computer. The critical ingredient is quantum matter which is made by cooling molecules to ultra-cold temperatures. Molecular Bose-Einstein condensates (MBECs), where molecules have been cooled to these very low temperatures have never been prepared before. We will try to shoot dead the motions of certain molecules using a laser of a particular colour. We shall do this is by firing the laser into a beam of supersonic molecules and leave some of the resulting fragments with effectively zero motion. Project 3 Link NMR and Molecular Dynamics Molecules in the solid state interact with each other and this has a great influence on the physical properties of the substance (e.g. the solubility and hence biological activity of drugs). Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments tell us that molecules are in motion, but they do not tell us about how they move. At present computer calculations do not help because they cannot cope with the relatively slow processes that are typical for solids, and this is the problem that we wish to solve.

冒险科学尤其难以定义。它很可能会产生一些奇妙的新结果，但同时也很可能不起作用。我们将尝试三个不同的项目：项目一：用流式细胞术分选碳纳米管碳纳米管非常小，大约比人类头发的厚度小5万倍。它们是由碳原子组成的中空圆柱体，看起来就像卷起来的“铁丝网”。有时它们表现得像金属并导电，有时它们表现得像电子元件，如晶体管。将来，我们也许能够制造出电子系统，从电线到晶体管，所有的元件都是由碳制成的。真正的优势在于，这些新的碳系统可能比目前由硅制成的现有电子系统更快、更小。问题是，当碳纳米管被制备出来时，这种材料包含了金属和晶体管状颗粒的混合物，实际上是不可能分离的。我们将使用一种机器，当纳米管流过检测器时，它会观察它们，并根据这些特性将它们分类到不同的容器中。一旦我们分离了这些粒子，我们希望能够创造出一种新型的碳基电子产品。量子计算机利用原子和分子的力量来执行记忆和处理任务，并且有可能比任何硅基计算机快数十亿倍地执行某些计算。关键成分是量子物质，它是通过将分子冷却到超冷温度而制成的。分子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚物（MBECs）是一种分子被冷却到如此低温度的物质，这是以前从未有过的。我们将尝试用一种特殊颜色的激光来捕捉某些分子的运动。我们将通过将激光发射到一束超音速分子中，让一些产生的碎片实际上保持零运动来实现这一点。固体状态下的分子相互作用对物质的物理性质（如药物的溶解度和生物活性）有很大的影响。固态核磁共振（NMR）实验告诉我们分子是运动的，但并没有告诉我们它们是如何运动的。目前计算机计算没有帮助，因为它们不能应付相对缓慢的过程，这是典型的固体，这是我们希望解决的问题。