Telomere dysfunction, oxidative damage and breast cancer risk

描述（由申请人提供）：端粒是线性染色体末端的特殊dna -蛋白质结构，对于维持基因组的完整性和稳定性至关重要。端粒功能障碍可导致基因组不稳定，进而驱动癌前乳腺病变和正常乳腺组织的致瘤过程。一些遗传或环境因素可能影响端粒功能障碍，并改变乳腺癌的风险：(1)由于染色体末端复制问题导致端粒重复序列的进行性丢失；(2)端粒DNA氧化损伤加速端粒缩短；(3)各种端粒结合蛋白的缺陷导致高阶端粒结构的破坏；(4)年龄、吸烟、慢性炎症、表观遗传修饰等。但人口研究几乎没有证据表明这一点。该研究的广泛和长期目标是阐明端粒功能障碍在乳腺癌风险中的病因学作用以及端粒缩短的潜在决定因素。本研究的具体目的是：(1)在长岛乳腺癌研究项目（LIBCSP）的大型人群病例对照研究中探讨端粒功能障碍与乳腺癌风险之间的关系。(2)评估氧化损伤（尿液15-F2t-lsoP和8-oxodG水平作为生物标志物）和抗氧化能力（从FFQ中获得的抗氧化剂摄入水平）对端粒功能障碍对乳腺癌风险的调节作用。(3)筛选可能影响端粒功能的关键端粒稳定基因snp。96个snp与端粒缩短、乳腺癌风险之间的关系将被确定。定量PCR （Q-PCR）将用于测定800例患者和800例对照组外周血淋巴细胞（pbl）端粒长度，作为端粒功能障碍的生物标志物；使用免疫分析试剂盒分析尿液15-F2t-lsoP水平。尿液8-氧合g水平将通过竞争性ELISA分析。高通量SNPIexTM基因分型系统将用于关键端粒稳定性基因中潜在功能snp的基因分型。了解端粒功能障碍在乳腺癌风险中的作用以及氧化损伤和抗氧化能力的调节作用，对改进乳腺癌的预防、诊断和治疗策略具有重要意义。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Telomeres are specialized DNA-protein structures at the ends of linear chromosomes, and are essential for maintaining the integrity and stability of the genome. Telomere dysfunction can lead to genomic instability that in turn drives the tumorigenic process in pre-malignant breast lesions and normal breast tissues. Several genetic or environmental factors may affect telomere dysfunction, and modify breast cancer risk: (1) progressive loss of telomere repeat sequences due to the problem of replicating chromosome ends; (2) oxidative damage to telomeric DNA accelerating telomere shortening; (3) disruption of higher-order telomere structures due to defects in various telomere-binding proteins; (4) age, cigarette smoking, chronic inflammation and epigenetic modifications, etc. But there is little evidence from population studies. The broad and long-term objectives of the study are to clarify the etiological role of telomere dysfunction in breast cancer risk and the potential determinants for shortened telomeres. The specific aims of the present study are to: (1) Explore the association between telomere dysfunction and breast cancer risk in a large population-based case-control study - the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project (LIBCSP). (2) Evaluate the modifying effects of oxidative damage (urinary 15-F2t-lsoP and 8-oxodG levels as biomarkers) and antioxidant capacity (antioxidants intake levels obtained from FFQ) on telomere dysfunction for breast cancer risk. (3) Screen for SNPs in key telomere stability genes that potential affect telomere function. Associations between 96 SNPs and shortening telomere, breast cancer risk will be determined. Quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) will be used to measure telomere length in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) among 800 cases and 800 controls as a biomarker of telomere dysfunction; Urinary 15-F2t-lsoP levels will be analyzed using immunoassay kits. Urinary 8-oxodG levels will be analyzed by competitive ELISA. The high through-put SNPIexTM genotyping system will be used to genotyped potential functional SNPs in key telomere stability genes. Understanding the role of telomere dysfunction in breast cancer risk and the modifying effect of oxidative damage and antioxidant capacity has important implications for improved preventive, diagnostic and treatment strategies for breast cancer.