Computer Integrated Systems for Microscopy&Manipulation

描述(由申请人提供)：生命的特征--能动性、适应性和复制--之所以发生，是因为分子作为个体并组织成细胞和组织，产生并对力量做出反应。单个细胞内数千个分子马达的协调活动使纤毛振荡，导致肺屏障液体长距离流动。感染、炎症和转移涉及单个细胞在内部形状变化中的运动，在力的推动下移动到自己的膜上，与血管管腔中的特定蛋白质一起剥离、拉动和滚动，或由分子单位的聚合推动。复制涉及染色体通过有丝分裂纺锤体的大规模重排，产生沿中板组织染色体的力，感知力通过检查点，最终利用聚合力将着丝点拉向两极。在过去的十年里，通过基因组学和蛋白质组学在结构鉴定方面取得的进展，与之相匹配的是通过力来理解功能的精致工具。我们资源的目标是开发可应用于从单分子到组织水平的广泛生物环境的力技术，以及通过可视化和建模协调轻松控制、多模式成像和分析的集成系统。 指导我们技术发展的个人合作项目涵盖了分子生物物理学、细胞生物学和生物医学科学中的广泛现象。它们涵盖的长度范围从单分子(粘蛋白、肌球蛋白、MutS)到大分子复合体(纤维蛋白纤维、病毒)、细胞(丛状蛋白、细胞运动、细胞分裂)、组织培养(人类肺细胞培养)和宏观生物材料特性(粘液流变学)。我们的资源开发了新的仪器技术，以实现灵活的力测量，包括磁性技术、集成原子力和流体

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The hallmarks of life - motility, adaptation and replication - occur because molecules as individuals and organized into cells and tissues, generate and respond to forces. The coordinated activity of thousands of molecular motors within single cells oscillates cilia to cause the flow of the pulmonary barrier fluid over long distances. Infection, inflammation, and metastasis involve the motility of single cells moving through internal changes of shape with forces pushing against their own membranes, peeling, pulling, and rolling with specific proteins in the lumen of blood vessels, or propelled by polymerization of molecular units. Replication involves the wholesale rearrangement of chromosomes through the mitotic spindle, generating forces to organize the chromosomes along the midplate, sensing forces to pass through the checkpoint to finally pull the kinetochores poleward with polymerization forces. Over the past decade the advances in structure identification through genomics and proteomics has been matched by exquisite tools for understanding function through forces. The goal of our resource is to develop force technologies to be applied over a wide range of biological settings, from the single molecule to the tissue level, with integrated systems that orchestrate facile control, multimodal imaging and analysis through visualization and modeling. The individual collaboration projects that steer our technology development cover a wide range of phenomena in molecular biophysics, cell biology and biomedical science. They cover length scales ranging from single molecule (mucin, myosin, MutS) to macromolecular complexes (fibrin fibers, viruses), cells (Plexin, cell motility, cell division), tissue cultures (human lung cell cultures) and macroscopic biomaterial properties (mucus rheology). Our Resource develops new instrument technologies for enabling flexible force measurements, including magnetic technologies, integrated atomic force and fluo