Direct Determination of Lower Extremity of Muscle Design

描述（由申请人提供）：为了制定合理的手术和康复策略，拥有准确和有用的人体运动生物力学模型非常重要。该提案旨在提供新的，主要的数据，使严格的静态和动态的人体运动的生物力学模型被开发。我们认为，目前旨在开发人体模型的努力受到阻碍，因为（1）缺乏下肢人体肌肉结构的坚实的原始数据库，（2）几乎所有人类下肢肌肉的操作范围从未被测量过，（3）尸体和人体肌肉之间的比例关系尚不清楚，以及（4）原始人类肌肉文献数据作为平均值分散在已发表的研究中。鉴于这些严重的限制，这并不奇怪，努力模拟人体运动和评估和计划手术干预受到阻碍。我们提出的实验将为科学界提供丰富的原始数据，从而刺激现实的人类肌肉骨骼模型的发展，使用以下特定的目标：（1）比较在手术室中直接测量的人类骨骼肌生理特性与固定后获得的相同肌肉预测的肌肉功能;（2）利用术中激光衍射测量活体人体肌肉肌节长度-关节角度关系（以及因此它们的功能操作范围），对于最常在下肢中建模的那些肌肉，（3）实施非侵入性磁共振成像（MRI）以创建肌肉功能的准确的、受试者特异性的表示。（4）建立一个国际通用的、权威的人类下肢肌肉结构特性及其相关肌腱的原始数据库。这些数据一旦提供给生物力学界，将推动这一领域进入下一个层次，并能够开发有意义的新手术程序和评估人类肌肉骨骼功能的客观方法。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): It is important to have accurate and useful biomechanical models of human movement in order to develop rational surgical and rehabilitative strategies. This proposal is designed to provide novel, primary data that will enable rigorous static and dynamic biomechanical models of human movement to be developed. We opine that current efforts aimed at developing human models are hampered because (1) a solid primary database of human muscle architecture in the lower extremity are lacking, (2) the operating range of almost all human lower extremity muscles has never been measured, (3) the scaling relationships between cadaveric and human muscles are not known and (4) primary human muscle literature data are scattered as mean values among published studies. In light of these severe limitations, it is not surprising that efforts to model human movement and to evaluate and plan surgical interventions have been hampered. We propose experiments that will provide a wealth of primary data to the scientific community and thus stimulate the development of realistic human musculoskeletal models using the following specific aims: (1) Comparing human skeletal muscle physiological properties that are measured directly in the operating room with muscle function predicted from those same muscles obtained after fixation; (2) Using intraoperative laser diffraction to measure the sarcomere length-joint angle relationship of living human muscles (and thus their functional operating ranges), for those muscles most commonly modeled in the lower extremity, (3) Implementing noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to create accurate, subject-specific representations of muscle function., and (4) Establishing an internationally-accessible, definitive database of primary data of human lower extremity muscle architectural properties and their associated tendons. This data, once available to the biomechanical community will propel this field to the next level and enable development of meaningful new surgical procedures and objective methods of evaluating human musculoskeletal function.