COOPERATIVE AGREEGMENT TO THE MEDI RESEARC COUNCIL (MRC) OF SOUTH AFRICA FOR TB

与南非医学研究委员会 (MRC) 签署的结核病合作协议

• 批准号: 7408844
• 负责人: ANTHONY DAVID MBEWU
• 金额: $ 868.28万
• 依托单位: MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF SOUTH AFRICA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-07-01 至 2012-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7408844
• 关键词: COOPERATIVE; AGREEGMENT; MEDI; RESEARC; COUNCIL

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world's biggest killers, despite the availability of effective drugs and disease control strategies. Although epidemiological trends seem to be stabilizing in most regions of the world, Africa remains the exception with 20% annual growth in TB cases reported, largely due to concurrent HIV epidemics. South Africa ranks 2nd in the world in terms of TB incidence (number of cases per capita) and 7th in terms of TB burden (total number of cases). More than 60% of TB patients in SA are co-infected with HIV. The TB epidemic is compounded by the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) in all provinces. MDR-TB is difficult to treat and extremely expensive (up to 100 times the cost of drug-susceptible TB), and associated with HIV can result in uncontrollable epidemics with devastating economic and social consequences. Challenges posed by the goal of TB control are increasing in South Africa, largely as a result of the HIV co-epidemic and increases in TB drug resistance, now compounded by the emergence of extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) in association with HIV. Gains made in HIV/AIDS care and treatment in South Africa stand to be lost through the threat of drug-resistant TB, requiring a concerted national effort to avoid the epidemic of drug-susceptible TB being replaced by an epidemic of virtually unbeatable TB. This activity highlights the MRC's comparative advantage in addressing the key challenges of HIV associated TB and drug-resistant TB in the South African context. The MRC is acknowledged worldwide for its expertise in MDR-TB management and laboratory capability and has recently emerged as a focal point for XDR-TB expertise and management capacity development. Seed funding is required to enable MRC to coordinate/facilitate a national response to XDR-TB in SA and in the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) region, to assist SA provinces and SADC countries in strategic planning and policy formulation, and to facilitate rapid translation of operational and programmatically relevant research results into improved policies and practices. Dissemination of validated data on drug-resistant TB as well as standardized public health information is another key need. Aim and Objectives To assist National and Provincial Departments of Health in SA in developing an appropriate response to the challenges of M(X)DR-TB and HIV; To provide technical assistance and national coordination to accomplish the MDR-TB goals of the Stop-TB Global Plan; To assist with capacity strengthening of health services and laboratory infrastructure in Southern Africa in order to allow sound diagnosis and treatment of M(X)DR-TB patients.

描述（由申请人提供）：结核病（TB）仍然是世界上最大的杀手之一，尽管有效的药物和疾病控制策略的可用性。虽然流行病趋势在大多数区域似乎趋于稳定， 在世界上，非洲仍然是一个例外，报告的结核病病例每年增长20%，主要是由于同时发生的艾滋病毒流行。南非在结核病发病率（人均病例数）方面排名世界第二，在结核病负担（病例总数）方面排名世界第七。南非60%以上的结核病患者同时感染艾滋病毒。结核病的流行因各省出现耐多药结核病而加剧。耐多药结核病很难治疗，而且极其昂贵（高达药物敏感结核病费用的100倍），与艾滋病毒有关的耐多药结核病可能导致无法控制的流行病，造成毁灭性的经济和社会后果。 在南非，结核病控制目标所带来的挑战正在增加，主要是由于艾滋病毒共同流行和结核病耐药性的增加，现在又出现了与艾滋病毒有关的广泛耐药结核病。南非在艾滋病毒/艾滋病护理和治疗方面取得的进展可能会因耐药结核病的威胁而丧失，需要全国共同努力，避免药物敏感结核病的流行被几乎无法战胜的结核病的流行所取代。 这项活动突出了MRC在南非应对艾滋病毒相关结核病和耐药结核病的主要挑战方面的比较优势。医学研究中心在耐多药结核病管理和实验室能力方面的专门知识得到了全世界的认可，最近已成为广泛耐药结核病专门知识和管理能力发展的协调中心。 需要种子资金，以使医学研究中心能够协调/促进南非和南部非洲发展共同体（南共体）区域对广泛耐药结核病的国家应对，协助南非各省和南共体国家进行战略规划和政策制定，并促进将业务和方案相关研究成果迅速转化为改进的政策和做法。 传播关于耐药结核病的经验证的数据以及标准化的公共卫生信息是另一项关键需求。 宗旨和目标 协助南澳大利亚州的国家和省级卫生部门制定适当的应对措施，应对耐多药结核病和艾滋病毒的挑战; 提供技术援助和国家协调，以实现遏制结核病全球计划的耐多药结核病目标; 协助加强下列国家的保健服务和实验室基础设施的能力： 南部非洲，以便能够对耐多药耐药结核病患者进行正确的诊断和治疗。