Lexical Integration of Continuous Acoustic Detail: Normal and Impaired Listeners

连续声学细节的词汇整合：正常和受损的听众

• 批准号: 7339047
• 负责人: Bob McMurray
• 金额: $ 24.84万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-01-08 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7339047
• 关键词: Accounting; Acoustics; Address; Adopted; Architecture; Assimilations; Behavioral; Boat; Cereals; Complex; Critiques; Cues; Dependency; Diagnostic; Disputes; Distant; Early Diagnosis; Environment; Eye; Eye Movements; Financial compensation; Frequencies; Hearing; Human; Impairment; Joints; Knowledge; Language; Language Disorders; Length; Maintenance; Maps; Measurement; Memory; Modeling; Modification; Monitor; Nature; Neighborhoods; Noise; Partner in relationship; Perception; Phonetics; Play; Population; Probability; Problem Solving; Process; Property; Rate; Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Role; Series; Signal Transduction; Source; Speech; Speech Perception; Speed; Standards of Weights and Measures; Stress; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Uncertainty; Variant; Visual; Voice; Work; base; boating; coping; density; expectation; language processing; lexical; lexical processing; millisecond; phonology; programs; research study; specific language impairment; speech processing; tool

Speech perception is a process of mapping continuous detail in the acoustic signal onto discrete units of meaning like words. Given the variability in the signal and speed at which it arrives, the system must cope with a great deal of variation in a small amount of time. The long term objective of this research is to understand how this process works. This proposal tests an implication of existing work showing that lexical activation is sensitive to continuous detail in the signal and for current models of spoken word recognition: that online lexical-activation processes (which are fast and work in parallel to build stable representations) can actively integrate continuous detail over time to anticipate upcoming material, resolve ambiguity in the past, and organize perceptual processes. This will be tested in four series of behavioral experiments based on visual world paradigm. In this paradigm, subjects hear carefully controlled spoken language and manipulate objects in a visual environment while eye-movements are monitored. The probability of fixating each object yields a moment-by-moment estimate of the activation for that word (how much the system is considering that word) as it unfolds over time. The first two projects examine these temporal integration processes in unimpaired listeners for the perception of phonologically modified speech and compensation for speaking rate. In each we will show that system can actively anticipate upcoming material and resolve ambiguous material in the past and that these processes are modulated by lexical factors. In the third project we explicitly test this framework examining situations in which continuous detail could facilitate ambiguity resolution, but only if it can retained longer than short-term echoic memory stores are known to operate. This would suggest that lexical processes play a unique role in this maintenance. The fourth project applies this framework to language impairments, testing the hypothesis that perceptual deficits associatedwith SLI originate in lexical, not perceptual, processes. Ultimately this project will contribute to basic knowledge of speech perception and its relationship to language disorders. Since perceptual and lexical abilities typically develop before higher level language, diagnostics and therapies based on them may be applied earlier (and as a result, more successfully) than other techniques. Thus, the basic knowledge acquired here may contribute to earlier detection and treatment of SLI.

语音感知是将声学信号中的连续细节映射到离散单元上的过程 意思就像文字一样。鉴于信号及其到达速度的可变性，系统必须应对 在很短的时间内发生很大的变化。这项研究的长期目标是 了解这个过程是如何运作的。该提案测试了现有工作的含义，表明词汇 激活对信号中的连续细节和当前的口语单词识别模型敏感： 在线词汇激活过程（速度快且并行工作以构建稳定的表示） 能够随着时间的推移积极整合连续的细节，以预测即将到来的材料，解决问题中的歧义 过去，并组织感知过程。这将通过四个系列的行为实验进行测试 关于视觉世界范式。在这种范式中，受试者听到精心控制的口语并 在监视眼球运动的同时操纵视觉环境中的物体。固定的概率 每个对象都会生成该单词激活的即时估计（系统的激活程度是多少） 考虑到这个词）随着时间的推移而展开。前两个项目研究了这些时间整合 未受损听众对语音修改语音的感知过程和补偿 说话率。在每个例子中，我们将展示系统可以主动预测即将到来的材料并解决 过去的模棱两可的材料，这些过程是由词汇因素调节的。在第三个项目中 我们明确地测试了这个框架，检查连续的细节可能会导致歧义的情况 分辨率，但前提是它可以保留比已知的短期回声记忆存储更长的时间。 这表明词汇过程在这种维护中发挥着独特的作用。第四个项目申请 该框架针对语言障碍，检验感知缺陷与 SLI 相关的假设 起源于词汇过程，而不是感知过程。最终，该项目将有助于增强以下方面的基础知识： 言语感知及其与语言障碍的关系。由于感知和词汇能力通常 在更高水平的语言、基于它们的诊断和治疗可以更早应用之前就已经发展起来（并且 因此，比其他技术更成功）。因此，这里获得的基础知识可以 有助于早期发现和治疗 SLI。