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Characterization and Reduction of Nano and Ultra Fine Particulate Emissions from Diesel Engines: A look beyond 2010 Emission Regulations

柴油发动机纳米和超细颗粒物排放的表征和减少：2010 年排放法规之后的展望

基本信息

批准号：
EP/E050085/1
负责人：
Lionel Ganippa
金额：
$ 26.08万
依托单位：
Brunel University London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2008 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FE050085%2F1
关键词：
Characterization Reduction Nano Ultra Fine

项目摘要

In recent years, more diesel than gasoline cars have been sold in Europe. Although diesel cars obtain 25-35% better mileage and emit less carbon dioxide than similar gasoline cars, they can emit about 25 to 400 times more particulate matter. Diesel exhaust is one of the largest sources of fine, ultra-fine and nano particulates, and they are suspended in the air for a long period of time before they settle on to the ground. Exposure to nano-soot particulates can lead to a variety of significant health problems including: aggravated asthma, chronic bronchitis, reduced lung function, irregular heartbeat, heart attack, and premature death in people with heart or lung disease. It has been shown in the literature that the nano particle number density from the engine exhaust could be as high as 5 x10^11 particles/cm3 and it is possible to produce nano-particles even below the lowest known sooting thresholds. Through the use of DPF and alternate fuels, the total soot mass can be reduced in the exhaust, but still it accounts for most of the ultra-fine and nano particulates. It is the particle number density and their surface area, which accounts for the health risk and not the actual soot mass.This project aims to understand better the fuel (BTL, GTL and bio-diesel) effects on the in-cylinder production of the most harmful ultra-fine and nano particulates and the exhaust soot particulate size, number distribution, morphology and composition with and without catalyst aided particulate filter under different injection and EGR strategies. These investigations will be carried out in two stages: In the first stage in-cylinder production and oxidation of soot particulates will be investigated using advanced laser diagnostics such as time resolved laser induced incandescence. These in-cylinder measurements will be carried out in a single cylinder optical engine. In the second stage sampling will be performed at the exhaust of a multi-cylinder engine: both thermophoric sampling and scanning mobility particle sizing will be employed. The soot samples collected through thermophoric sampling will further be investigated in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and an energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis to understand the size, structure, morphology and the composition of the soot.

近年来，柴油车在欧洲的销量超过了汽油车。尽管柴油车的行驶里程比同类汽油车高25%-35%，二氧化碳排放量也更少，但它们排放的颗粒物大约是同类汽油车的25%到400倍。柴油机尾气是细微、超细和纳米颗粒物的最大来源之一，它们在空气中悬浮很长一段时间后才会降落在地面上。暴露在纳米烟尘颗粒中会导致各种严重的健康问题，包括：哮喘加重、慢性支气管炎、肺功能减退、心跳不齐、心脏病发作，以及患有心脏病或肺病的人过早死亡。文献表明，发动机排气中的纳米粒子数密度可高达5×10~(-11)粒子/厘米~3，甚至在已知的最低碳烟阈值以下也有可能产生纳米粒子。通过使用DPF和替代燃料，可以减少废气中的总碳烟质量，但它仍然占超细和纳米颗粒物的大部分。该项目旨在更好地了解燃料(BTL、GTL和生物柴油)对气缸内最有害的超细和纳米颗粒生产的影响，以及在不同喷射和EGR策略下使用和不使用催化剂辅助颗粒过滤器时废气中碳烟颗粒的尺寸、数量分布、形态和组成。这些研究将分两个阶段进行：在第一阶段，将使用先进的激光诊断技术，如时间分辨激光诱导白炽灯，研究气缸内碳烟颗粒的产生和氧化。这些缸内测量将在单缸光学发动机中进行。在第二阶段中，将在多缸发动机的排气口进行采样：将同时使用热释光采样和扫描迁移率颗粒测量。通过热释光采样收集的碳烟样品将进一步在透射电子显微镜(TEM)和能量色散X射线(EDX)分析中进行研究，以了解碳烟的尺寸、结构、形态和组成。