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Laser trapping, cooling and sensing of atoms and molecules with nanostructured surfaces

具有纳米结构表面的原子和分子的激光捕获、冷却和传感

基本信息

批准号：
EP/E058949/1
负责人：
Timothy Freegarde
金额：
$ 83.08万
依托单位：
University of Southampton
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2007 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FE058949%2F1
关键词：
Laser trapping cooling sensing atoms

项目摘要

The study and manipulation of atoms and molecules has until recently nearly always been performed upon mobile and energetic species. Yet, as in so many fields, measurement and manipulation could be performed with far greater precision and finesse if the subject were confined and immobilized. Despite many techniques which focus on the slowest species, most measurements and virtually all reactions of atoms and molecules are performed on thermal distributions. The consequences for fundamental studies, processing and sensing are a finite interaction time and a moving, randomly orientated sample.Laser tweezers and Doppler cooling techniques use the radiation pressure exerted by a stream of photons to slow and capture a limited range of atoms. Pinned down and virtually stationary, the atoms can be examined and manipulated like never before. Deterministic quantum mechanics dominates their behaviour; collisions are reversible; and molecules can be formed and then broken with exquisite remote control. Even in these early days, a wide range of technological exploitations has been proposed, from metrology to sensing and information processing. Unfortunately, only single, tiny traps are usually possible, and, because the cooling process only works with a limited range of species, most atoms and all molecules that enter the trap retain enough kinetic energy to leave shortly after.We propose to use nanofabrication techniques, developed in Southampton, to produce arrays of concave mirrors whose foci, when illuminated with a laser, will each become a tiny trap. Such arrays offer to store many more species than a single trap, and each trap can easily be distinguished under a microscope. Confining species within a few wavelengths of a surface allows new interactions and techniques that increase the trap strength and enhance the sensitivity with which the species may be detected and observed. The extent and proximity of the surface also presents exciting new mechanisms for cooling a far wider range of species than previously possible. This research will investigate a range of trapping and cooling geometries, with the ultimate aim of extending to molecules the control currently limited to atomic samples of just a small number of elements.

直到最近，对原子和分子的研究和操纵几乎总是在移动和高能物种上进行。然而，正如在许多领域一样，如果对象被限制和固定，测量和操纵可以以更高的精度和技巧进行。尽管许多技术关注最慢的物质，但大多数测量以及原子和分子的几乎所有反应都是在热分布上进行的。基础研究、处理和传感的结果是有限的相互作用时间和移动的、随机定向的样本。激光镊子和多普勒冷却技术利用光子流施加的辐射压力来减慢和捕获有限范围的原子。原子被固定并几乎静止，可以以前所未有的方式进行检查和操纵。确定性量子力学主导着它们的行为；碰撞是可逆的；分子可以通过精致的遥控来形成和分解。即使在早期，人们也已经提出了从计量到传感和信息处理的广泛的技术开发。不幸的是，通常只能形成单个微小的陷阱，而且，由于冷却过程仅适用于有限范围的物种，因此进入陷阱的大多数原子和所有分子都保留了足够的动能，以便在不久后离开。我们建议使用南安普顿开发的纳米加工技术来生产凹面镜阵列，当用激光照射时，其焦点将各自变成一个微小的陷阱。与单个陷阱相比，这种阵列可以存储更多的物种，并且每个陷阱都可以在显微镜下轻松区分。将物种限制在表面的几个波长内可以实现新的相互作用和技术，从而增加陷阱强度并提高物种被检测和观察的灵敏度。地表的范围和接近程度还提供了令人兴奋的新机制，可以比以前更广泛地冷却物种。这项研究将研究一系列捕获和冷却几何形状，最终目标是将目前仅限于少量元素原子样本的控制扩展到分子。