The Effect of HIV and HAART on Oral Microbial Colonization and Diversityl

艾滋病毒/艾滋病在2005年导致280万人死亡，在整个过程中仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题 整个世界。仅在美国，每年就有大约4万人感染艾滋病毒。 高效抗逆转录病毒联合疗法(HAART)显著减少了 自1996年以来，艾滋病死亡人数增加了70%，并已改变了艾滋病毒感染的临床概况，从亚急性 致死于一种慢性非卧床疾病。然而，感染艾滋病毒的患者经历了更多的粘膜 机会性感染，更多的龋齿，以及严重的牙周病，即使在HAART之后， 这表明口腔内的口腔微环境受损是 病毒感染。这项研究的长期目标是阐明先天与人类之间的联系 宿主防御系统，艾滋病毒感染，HAART，和口腔微生物区系。拟议研究的目标 是确定HIV感染者和非感染者之间口腔微生物区系的差异，以及 确定后续HAART对微生物群落动态变化的影响 在口腔里。我们的中心假设是，艾滋病毒感染会降低总体微生物水平 口腔中的定植和多样性，以及HAART改变了如此受损的微生物区系。一个 推论是，HIV感染者体内微生物多样性的变化导致 致龋性细菌和牙周病，导致龋齿和牙周病增加。 为了验证这些假设，我们将测量(A)可培养微生物总数；(B)总数 念珠菌；(C)链球菌总数；及(D)HIV感染者和非感染者唾液中的乳酸杆菌总数 受试者；使用基于16S rDNA的方法检查微生物多样性； 已知与HIV感染有关的特定唾液蛋白与特定龋齿的相关性 以及牙周致病细菌定植和口腔健康评估。这项研究的发现 这项研究将为HIV感染是否会导致口腔微生物区系和 唾液蛋白质谱有利于龋病和牙周病的发展，并可能 发展特异性抗生素治疗，以防止微生物区系的不利变化和 降低对其他感染的易感性

HIV/AIDS, killed 2.8 million persons in 2005, continues to be a major public health problem throughout the world. In the U.S. alone, approximately 40,000 persons become infected with HIV each year. Highly active antiretroviral combination therapy (HAART) has significantly reduced the number of AIDS deaths by 70% since 1996, and has changed the clinical profile of HIV infection from a sub-acute lethal to a chronic ambulatory disease. However, HIV-infected patients experience more mucosal opportunistic infections, more dental caries, and severe periodontal diseases, even after HAART, suggesting that compromised oral micro-environment within the oral cavity is a consequence of the viral infection. The long-term goal of this research is to elucidate the association among the innate host defense system, HIV infection, HAART, and oral microbiota. The objectives of the proposed study are to define the difference in oral microbiota between HIV-infected and non-infected individuals and to determine the effect of subsequent HAART on the dynamic changes of the microbial community in the oral cavity. Our central hypothesis is that HIV infection decreases the level of overall microbial colonization and diversity in the oral cavity and that HAART alters the microbiota so compromised. A corollary hypothesis is that the changes in microbial diversity in HIV+ individuals lead to an increase in cariogenic and periodontal bacteria, resulting in an increase in caries and periodontal disease. To test these hypotheses we will measure the colonization of (a) total cultivable microbes; (b) total Candida spp.; (c) total streptococci; and (d) total lactobacilli in saliva of HIV infected and noninfected subjects; examine the microbial diversity using the 16S rDNA-based approach; , and determine the association among specific salivary proteins of known involvement in HIV infection, specific cariogenic and periodontopathogenic bacterial colonization, and oral health assessments. The findings of this study will provide new insight into whether HIV infection causes changes in oral microbiota and salivary protein profiles favoring the development of caries and periodontal diseases and may the development of specific antibiotic therapy to prevent the adverse change in the microbiota and to decrease susceptibility to other infections