Natural History of Smoking & Quitting: Longterm Outcomes

吸烟的自然史

• 批准号: 7491736
• 负责人: MICHAEL C FIORE
• 金额: $ 65.76万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7491736
• 关键词: Abstinence; Accounting; Address; Adverse event; Affect; Alcohol consumption; American; Arts; Atherosclerosis; Behavioral; Biological Assay; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chronic; Data; Diet; Disease; Disease Outcome; Ensure; Environment; Exposure to; Failure; Fostering; Frequencies; Genetic; Genotype; Goals; Health; Heart Diseases; Heavy Drinking; Hypertension; Incentives; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Life; Life Style; Lipoproteins; Long-Term Effects; Malignant neoplasm of lung; Measures; Medical; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Minority; Natural History; Nicotine; Nicotine Dependence; Outcome; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Physical activity; Physiological; Precipitating Factors; Preventive Intervention; Process; Psychiatric Diagnosis; Public Health; Quality of life; Rate; Relapse; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction; Running; Science; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Social Network; Social support; Spouses; Stress; Sum; Symptoms; System; Testing; Thick; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Weight; Weight Gain; Withdrawal Symptom; alcohol effect; base; brachial artery; cost; craving; diet and exercise; discounting; drinking; executive function; experience; improved; intima media; modifiable risk; prevent; programs; psychosocial; satisfaction; smoking cessation; social; social group; stressor

To date, tobacco science has revealed little about the natural history of continued smoking and quitting, apart from abstinence rates and ultimate disease outcomes. Tracking the fates of smokers who succeed or fail in a quitattempt promises to uncover new correlates of cessation in important physiological and psychosocial domains and may reveal the mechanisms by which important outcomes (e.g., atherosclerosis, improved quality of life [QOL]) occur. A longitudinal approach that tracks smoking behavior over an extended period may also identify factors that precipitate late relapse. This study will follow 360 successful quitters and 540 continuing smokers for three years after a quit attempt to track smoking behavior, atherosclerotic progression, psychiatric symptoms, QOL, social networks, physical activity, alcohol use/abuse, and other variables. Analyses will contrast quitters and continuing smokers on these variables. Medical and psychosocial constructs will be measured by multiple indicators to obtain convergent validity. We hypothesize that successful cessation will be associated with arrest of atherosclerosis, reduced psychiatric diagnoses and symptoms, enhanced QOL, and reduced alcohol intake. We also expect that some quitters (e.g., those who gain considerable weight) will experience negative outcomes, such as hypedipidemia, hypertension, and reduced QOL. We will explore relations of individual differences, including genetic differences, with quitting correlates and mediational variables. Analyses will also test the ability of social factors (e.g., exposure to smokers, social support) and alcohol use to account for relapses occurring after one year of abstinence. Data gathered in this study should reveal and enhance our understanding of positive effects of quitting in physiological and psychosocial domains. Educating smokers about such benefits may motivate more smokers to quit. Additionally, uncovering adverse events associated with cessation may help smokers avoid such outcomes and identify targets for risk-reduction interventions, including interventions to prevent late relapse.

迄今为止，除了戒烟率和最终的疾病结果外，烟草科学几乎没有揭示继续吸烟和戒烟的自然史。追踪戒烟成功或失败的吸烟者的命运，有望在重要的生理和心理社会领域揭示戒烟的新相关性，并可能揭示重要结果（例如，动脉粥样硬化，改善生活质量[QOL]）发生。一个纵向的方法，跟踪吸烟行为在一个较长的时间也可以确定因素，沉淀后期复吸。这项研究将跟踪360名成功戒烟者和540名继续吸烟者三年，追踪他们的吸烟行为、动脉粥样硬化、 进展、精神症状、QOL、社交网络、体力活动、酒精使用/滥用和其他变量。分析将在这些变量上对比戒烟者和继续吸烟者。医学和心理社会结构将通过多个指标进行测量，以获得收敛效度。我们假设成功戒烟与动脉粥样硬化的停止、精神病诊断和症状的减少、生活质量的提高和酒精摄入的减少有关。我们也希望一些戒烟者（例如，那些体重增加相当多的人）将经历负面结果，如血脂过多、高血压和生活质量降低。我们将探讨个体差异的关系，包括遗传差异，与戒烟相关因素和中介变量。分析还将测试社会因素的能力（例如，暴露于吸烟者，社会支持）和酒精使用来解释戒烟一年后复发的原因。本研究收集的数据应该揭示并加强我们对积极的理解。 戒烟对生理和心理社会领域的影响。教育吸烟者了解这些好处可能会激励更多的吸烟者戒烟。此外，发现与戒烟相关的不良事件可能有助于吸烟者避免此类结果，并确定降低风险干预措施的目标，包括预防晚期复发的干预措施。