Translating an Efficaious HPV Vaccine into the Control of Cervical Cancer

描述(申请人提供)：FDA在2006年夏天批准了一种有效的人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗，为宫颈癌的初级预防提供了前所未有的机会。然而，关于如何有效地将这种疫苗提供给那些最有可能从使用中受益的人：医疗服务不足的青春期前女性，人们知之甚少。为了将这一突破转化为降低服务不足人群的宫颈癌发病率，我们必须首先采取措施，提高医疗服务不足的青少年和青春期前女性接种HPV疫苗的可能性。这项建议的目标是获得信息，以制定有效的教育干预措施，然后发展干预措施。为了实现这一目标，我们建议解决以下具体目标：1)进行形成性、定性研究，以确定阻碍疫苗接种的因素，特别是在医疗服务不足的社区，特别是在父母和青春期前和青春期早期女性中。2)规划和制定教育干预措施，以加强服务不足的社区在向青春期前/青春期早期女性提供HPV疫苗方面的知情决策。使用焦点小组方法，我们将描述非洲裔美国人、拉美裔美国人和美国白人在接受HPV疫苗接种方面的相似和不同之处。将在成人社区利益攸关方和青春期前/青春期女性中开展重点小组，以评估代际认知差异。种族/族裔群体之间的结果比较将使我们能够确定为随后的干预量身定做的价值。该项目解决了一个及时、新颖的研究主题，通过向普通民众传播一项科学突破来促进公众的健康，从而具有转化性。这项工作将由一个高素质的跨学科研究团队进行，将解决宫颈癌负担中的种族/民族差异，并将成为后续R01测试干预措施的基础，这些干预措施最终将有助于建立美国的宫颈癌控制模式。四价人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗被证明在给青春期前的女孩接种时，几乎可以预防70%的宫颈癌。有关疫苗及其用途的信息是使宫颈癌预防成为现实的关键组成部分。了解缺乏服务的社区对疫苗和宫颈癌存在的障碍和误解，将使研究人员能够开发和测试在种族和文化上有效的教育干预措施，并最终使疫苗能够被接受。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The FDA approval in summer 2006 of an efficacious human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine provides an unprecedented opportunity for the primary prevention of cervical cancer. However, little is known about how to effectively deliver this vaccine to those most likely to benefit from its use: medically underserved pre- adolescent females. To translate this breakthrough into reduced cervical cancer incidence rates in the underserved, we must first take steps to enhance the likelihood that medically underserved teen and preteen females receive the HPV vaccine. The objective of this proposal is to gain information to develop effective educational interventions and then develop the intervention. To achieve this objective, we propose to address the following specific aims: 1) To conduct formative, qualitative research to identify factors that act as barriers to vaccines in general and to HPV vaccination in particular in medically underserved communities, especially among parents and pre- adolescent and early adolescent females. 2) To plan and develop an educational intervention to enhance informed decision-making in underserved communities concerning HPV vaccine delivery to pre-adolescent/early adolescent females. Using focus group methodology, we will characterize similarities and differences in perception of HPV vaccination in multiple groups of African Americans, Latinos, and white Americans. Focus groups will be conducted among both adult community stakeholders and pre-adolescent/adolescent females to assess inter- generational differences in perceptions. Comparisons of results between racial/ethnic groups will allow us to determine the value of tailoring subsequent interventions. This project addresses a timely, novel research topic that is translational by disseminating a scientific breakthrough to the general population to advance the public's health. This work will be carried out by a highly-qualified interdisciplinary research team, will address racial/ethnic disparities in the burden of cervical cancer, and will form the basis for a subsequent R01 to test interventions that will ultimately contribute to a U.S. model for cervical cancer control. The quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been shown to virtually prevent 70% of cervical cancers when given to preteen girls. Information about the vaccine and its utilization are critical components in making the prevention of cervical cancer a reality. Understanding barriers and misperceptions that underserved communities have concerning the vaccine and cervical cancer will enable researchers to develop and test educational interventions that are ethnically and culturally effective and that ultimately enable vaccine acceptance.