Translating an Efficaious HPV Vaccine into the Control of Cervical Cancer

描述（由申请人提供）：FDA于2006年夏季批准了一种有效的人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗，为宫颈癌的一级预防提供了前所未有的机会。然而，人们对如何有效地将这种疫苗提供给最有可能从中受益的人群知之甚少：医疗服务不足的青春期前女性。为了将这一突破转化为降低服务不足人群的宫颈癌发病率，我们必须首先采取措施，提高医疗服务不足的青少年和青春期前女性接种HPV疫苗的可能性。本提案的目的是获取信息，以制定有效的教育干预措施，然后制定干预措施。为了实现这一目标，我们建议解决以下具体目标：1)进行形成性质的研究，以确定阻碍疫苗接种的因素，特别是在医疗服务不足的社区，特别是在父母和青春期前和青春期早期的女性中。2)计划和制定教育干预措施，以加强服务不足社区关于向青春期前/青春期早期女性提供HPV疫苗的知情决策。使用焦点小组方法，我们将描述多组非裔美国人、拉丁美洲人和美国白人对HPV疫苗接种认知的异同。焦点小组将在成人社区利益相关者和青春期前/青春期女性中进行，以评估代际之间的认知差异。种族/民族群体之间的结果比较将使我们能够确定调整后续干预措施的价值。该项目解决了一个及时的、新颖的研究课题，通过向普通人群传播科学突破来促进公众健康。这项工作将由一个高素质的跨学科研究团队进行，将解决宫颈癌负担中的种族/民族差异，并将为随后的R01测试干预措施奠定基础，最终将有助于建立美国宫颈癌控制模式。四价人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗已被证明，如果给青春期前的女孩接种，实际上可以预防70%的宫颈癌。关于疫苗及其使用的信息是使预防宫颈癌成为现实的关键组成部分。了解服务不足的社区在疫苗和子宫颈癌方面存在的障碍和误解，将使研究人员能够制定和试验在种族和文化上有效的教育干预措施，并最终使人们能够接受疫苗。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The FDA approval in summer 2006 of an efficacious human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine provides an unprecedented opportunity for the primary prevention of cervical cancer. However, little is known about how to effectively deliver this vaccine to those most likely to benefit from its use: medically underserved pre- adolescent females. To translate this breakthrough into reduced cervical cancer incidence rates in the underserved, we must first take steps to enhance the likelihood that medically underserved teen and preteen females receive the HPV vaccine. The objective of this proposal is to gain information to develop effective educational interventions and then develop the intervention. To achieve this objective, we propose to address the following specific aims: 1) To conduct formative, qualitative research to identify factors that act as barriers to vaccines in general and to HPV vaccination in particular in medically underserved communities, especially among parents and pre- adolescent and early adolescent females. 2) To plan and develop an educational intervention to enhance informed decision-making in underserved communities concerning HPV vaccine delivery to pre-adolescent/early adolescent females. Using focus group methodology, we will characterize similarities and differences in perception of HPV vaccination in multiple groups of African Americans, Latinos, and white Americans. Focus groups will be conducted among both adult community stakeholders and pre-adolescent/adolescent females to assess inter- generational differences in perceptions. Comparisons of results between racial/ethnic groups will allow us to determine the value of tailoring subsequent interventions. This project addresses a timely, novel research topic that is translational by disseminating a scientific breakthrough to the general population to advance the public's health. This work will be carried out by a highly-qualified interdisciplinary research team, will address racial/ethnic disparities in the burden of cervical cancer, and will form the basis for a subsequent R01 to test interventions that will ultimately contribute to a U.S. model for cervical cancer control. The quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been shown to virtually prevent 70% of cervical cancers when given to preteen girls. Information about the vaccine and its utilization are critical components in making the prevention of cervical cancer a reality. Understanding barriers and misperceptions that underserved communities have concerning the vaccine and cervical cancer will enable researchers to develop and test educational interventions that are ethnically and culturally effective and that ultimately enable vaccine acceptance.