Self-Assemblying Immunotherapeutic Nanorings

描述(申请人提供)：通过设计和开发能够作为生物传感器和治疗剂的纳米设备，将极大地促进一些人类疾病的治疗。由于它们已经被用来将各种毒素、药物和放射性核素输送到癌症组织和免疫细胞，因此单抗和重组抗体可以被用作抗癌和免疫抑制纳米结构的识别配体。通过与抗体偶联将放射性核素和毒素靶向肿瘤和免疫细胞已被证明是一种成功的成像和治疗方法。尽管取得了临床前和临床上的成功，但单抗放射性核素结合物的发展仍面临着许多问题，如低肾清除率导致的成像能力差，有毒的放射性核素骨沉积，与免疫反应性不相容的结合物化学和分子的异质性。我们建议开发一种用于药物控制的多价放射免疫治疗性纳米结构的组装和拆解的方案，这些纳米结构具有结合双特异性的潜力。我们将利用我们最近发现的如何构建离散的化学诱导蛋白质纳米环(直径8-30 nm。)来源于大肠杆菌二氢叶酸还原酶(DHFR-DHFR)融合蛋白。我们将制备DHFR-DHFR分子融合到单链抗体(ScFv)上，该单链抗体是由Daniel Vallera博士开发的，与正常的B细胞和B细胞淋巴瘤和白血病抗原CD19结合。我们将制备dhfr-dhfr-anti-CD19单链抗体的融合蛋白，这些融合蛋白能够在甲氨蝶呤二聚体与荧光团或螯合放射性核素的存在下自组装成二价、四价或八价物种。我们将证明抗体纳米环能够选择性地结合并在体外进行细胞内B白血病细胞的摄取和运输。此外，我们还将确定抗体纳米环在体内的生物分布，以及无毒的大肠杆菌DHFR抑制剂甲氧普林在体内促进寡聚体分解的能力。我们还将用小鼠移植瘤模型研究DHFR-DHFR-抗CD19单链抗体纳米环的抗肿瘤和肿瘤成像特性。虽然我们将重点介绍用于治疗B细胞癌症和自身免疫性疾病的抗体-放射性核素纳米环的具体设计，但这项研究阐明的原理将适用于用于检测和治疗广泛疾病的治疗性纳米环的设计。 与公共卫生相关：我们研究的目标是开发纳米颗粒，这种纳米颗粒可以定位于基于疾病的组织，报告组织所在的位置并破坏组织。在我们的第一次尝试中，我们将开发一种方法来制备能够靶向B细胞和B细胞白血病的放射性标记抗体蛋白纳米环。我们将把这些抗体纳米环用于肿瘤和免疫细胞成像以及抗肿瘤治疗，并证明我们可以在需要时移除纳米颗粒。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The treatment of a number of human diseases would be greatly advanced by the design and development of nanodevices capable of functioning both as biosensors and therapeutic agents. Because they have already been used to deliver a variety of toxins, drugs and radionuclides to cancer tissues and immune cells, monoclonal and recombinant antibodies could be harnessed as recognition ligands for anticancer and immunosuppresive nanostructures. The targeting of radionuclides and toxins to tumors and immune cells by conjugation to antibodies has been shown to be a successful imaging and therapeutic approach. Despite their preclinical and clinical success, the development of monoclonal antibody radionuclide conjugates suffers from a number of concerns, such as, poor imaging capability due to low renal clearance, toxic radionuclide bone deposition, conjugation chemistry that is incompatible with immunoreactivity and molecular heterogeneity. We propose to develop a protocol for the pharmacologically controlled assembly and disassembly of multivalent radioimmunotherapeutic nanostructures that have the potential for incorporating bi-specificity. We will take advantage of our recent discovery of how to construct discrete chemically induced protein nanorings (8-30 nm dia.) from E. coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR-DHFR) fusion proteins. We will prepare DHFR-DHFR molecules fused to a single chain antibody (scFv) that was developed by Dr. Daniel Vallera (co-Investigator) and binds to the normal B-cell and B-cell lymphoma and leukemia antigen, CD19. We will prepare DHFR- DHFR-anti-CD19 scFv's fusion proteins that are able to self-assemble into bivalent, tetravalent or octavalent species in the presence of a methotrexate dimerizer coupled to a fluorophore or chelated radionuclides. We will demonstrate that the antibody-nanorings are able to selectively bind and undergo intracellular B-leukemia cell uptake and trafficking in vitro. In addition, we will determine the in vivo biodistribution of the antibody nanorings, as well as the ability of timethoprim, a non-toxic E. coli DHFR inhibitor, to promote oligomer disassembly in vivo. We will also investigate the anti-tumor and tumor imaging properties of the DHFR-DHFR- anti-CD19 scFv nanorings with a mouse xenograft tumor model. Although we will focus on the specific design of antibody-radionuclide nanorings for the treatment of B-cell cancers and autoimmune diseases, the principles elucidated by this study will be applicable to the design of therapeutic nanorings for the detection and treatment of a wide range of diseases. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The development of nanoparticles that can home in on disease based tissues, report back on where the tissue is and destroy the tissue is the goal of our research. In our first attempt, we will develop a method to prepare radiolabeled antibody protein nanorings that can target B-cells and B-cell leukemia's. We will use these antibody-nanorings for both tumor and immune cell imaging and antitumor therapy and demonstrate that we can remove the nanoparticles when needed.