Neighborhood Impact on Physical Activity in At-Risk Older Adults

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管有规律的身体活动（PA）有公认的好处，但老年人是美国人口中最不活跃的人群，这使他们患许多慢性疾病和病症的风险增加，包括心血管疾病、糖尿病和体重增加。了解影响这一重要高危群体体育活动因素的努力主要局限于人口统计学和社会心理领域。虽然针对老年人的个体适应干预措施越来越多，但很少有系统的调查研究了在干预背景下客观和主观环境因素对身体活动增加的影响。拟议的项目利用了最近完成的NIH多地点临床试验的抽样、招募和数据收集方法，该试验旨在评估70-89岁社区居住成年人身体活动干预对健康的影响（LIFE-P试验）。本研究的主要目的是调查在调整研究地点（旧金山湾区，加利福尼亚州，达拉斯，德克萨斯州，匹兹堡，宾夕法尼亚州，温斯顿-塞勒姆，北卡罗来纳州）和其他感兴趣的变量后，生活- p参与者系统地尝试变得更活跃是否受到社区环境步行性的促进或阻碍。身体机能、社会经济地位、健康状况和感知邻里凝聚力对环境/身体活动干预关系的调节作用值得关注。丰富的life - p数据集包括在12个月期间对关键健康变量的多种测量（例如，健康状况、客观确定和感知的身体功能、身体活动、生活质量）。它将与新获得的针对参与者社区环境稳定元素的数据相结合（包括客观的宏观尺度和观察到的微观尺度建筑环境特征，以及感知到的社区变量）。这项研究得益于一个多学科国际团队的专业知识。它将提供重要的概念和公共卫生信息，可以为干预和政策决策提供相关信息，以改变社区环境特征，促进身体脆弱的老年人的身体活动和其他健康和生活质量结果，这一群体代表了美国人口中普遍存在的久坐不动和服务不足的部分。公共卫生相关性：本研究将提供重要的概念和公共卫生信息，可以为干预和政策决策提供相关信息，以改变社区环境特征，促进身体脆弱老年人的身体活动和其他健康和生活质量结果，这一群体代表了美国人口中普遍存在的久坐不动和服务不足的部分。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite the recognized benefits of regular physical activity (PA), older adults are the most inactive segment of the U.S. population, putting them at increased risk for a number of chronic diseases and conditions including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and weight gain. Efforts to understand the factors influencing physical activity in this important at-risk group have been limited primarily to demographic and psychosocial domains. While an increasing number of individually-adapted interventions have been developed for older adults, few systematic investigations have studied the impacts of objective and subjective environmental factors on physical activity increases within an intervention context. The proposed project takes advantage of the sampling, recruitment, and data collection methods of a recently completed NIH multi-site clinical trial aimed at evaluating the health-related impacts of a physical activity intervention in community-dwelling adults ages 70-89 years (LIFE-P trial). The primary objective of the proposed study is to investigate whether LIFE-P participants' systematic attempts to become more physically active were facilitated or impeded by the walkability of their neighborhood environments after adjusting for study site (San Francisco Bay area, CA, Dallas, TX, Pittsburgh, PA, Winston-Salem, NC) and other variables of interest. Additional questions of interest concern the moderating effects of physical function, SES, health status, and perceived neighborhood cohesion on the environment/ physical activity intervention relationship. The rich LIFE-P dataset includes multiple measurements of key health variables over a 12-month period (e.g., health status, objectively determined and perceived physical functioning, physical activity, quality of life). It will be combined with newly acquired data targeting stable elements of participants' neighborhood environments (including objective macro-scale and observed micro-scale built environment features, and perceived neighborhood variables). This study benefits from the expertise of a multi-disciplinary international team. It will contribute important conceptual and public health information that can inform intervention and policy decisions related to modifying neighborhood environment characteristics to promote physical activity and other health and quality of life outcomes among physically vulnerable older adults-- a group representing a prevalent, sedentary, and under-served segment of the U.S. population. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This study will contribute important conceptual and public health information that can inform intervention and policy decisions related to modifying neighborhood environment characteristics to promote physical activity and other health and quality of life outcomes among physically vulnerable older adults a group representing a prevalent, sedentary, and under-served segment of the U.S. population.