Analyzer for Monitoring Personal Environmental Exposure to Fluids and Materials

用于监测个人环境中液体和材料暴露情况的分析仪

• 批准号: 7480879
• 负责人: WALTER M GIBSON
• 金额: $ 9.99万
• 依托单位: X-RAY OPTICAL SYSTEMS, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-05-15 至 2009-09-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7480879
• 关键词: Age; Agriculture; Alzheimer' s Disease; Arsenic; Asthma; Attention; Award; Behavior; Body Fluids; Brain; Cadmium; Child; Chocolate; Chronic; Chronic Disease; Clinic; Clinical; Communities; Condition; Copper; Data; Databases; Detection; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Disease; Dust; Elderly; Elements; Employment; Environment; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Health; Exposure to; Family; Feasibility Studies; Fluorescence; Food; Functional disorder; Funding; Gel; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genomics; Goals; Health; Health Care Costs; Heart Diseases; Heavy Metals; Herbal Medicine; Herbicides; Home environment; Household; Human; Impaired cognition; Indium; Individual; Institutes; International; Iron; Juice; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Life; Link; Liquid substance; Lotion; Malignant Neoplasms; Manufacturer Name; Measurement; Measures; Mercury; Metal exposure; Metals; Methods; Mining; Minority; Mission; Monitor; Mustard; National Children' s Study; Nature; Nerve Degeneration; Neurologic; New York; Notification; Nuts; Occupational Health; Optics; Organ failure; Organism; Paint; Parkinson Disease; Pathology; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Perfume; Personal Satisfaction; Pesticides; Phase; Play; Population; Powder dose form; Preparation; Procedures; Process; Public Health; Quality of life; Range; Recording of previous events; Reference Standards; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Subjects; Risk; Risk Assessment; Roentgen Rays; Sampling; Schools; Science; Serum; Shipping; Ships; Site; Skin; Soaps; Soil; Solid; Solutions; Solvents; Source; Spices; Staining method; Stains; Standards of Weights and Measures; Sterile coverings; Symptoms; System; Tea; Technology; Testing; Tissues; Toothpaste; Toy; Trace Elements; Trace metal; United States National Institutes of Health; Veterans; Water; Wine; Work; Workplace; Zinc; base; burden of illness; commercialization; cost; design; detector; dietary supplements; disability; health science research; human disease; improved; information gathering; instrument; instrumentation; member; neurotoxic; pill; programs; prototype; remediation; research study; toxic metal

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The mission of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is "science in pursuit of fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systems and the application of that knowledge to extend healthy life and reduce the burdens of illness and disability." Pursuant to that mission, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) released the RFP topic stating their objective and mission that "human health and human disease result from three interactive elements: environmental exposure, genetic susceptibility, and age. The mission of NIEHS is to reduce the burden of human disease and dysfunction from environmental causes by understanding each of these components and how they interrelate." The proposed project from X-ray Optical Systems (XOS) will make a significant contribution for both the NIH and NIEHS Missions, as well as meet the needs of the NIEHS research objective. This project involves development and application of a low-power, compact, reliable, easy-to-operate instrument for measurement of trace elements in any liquid, gel, or solid that can be homogenized for individual environmental exposure assessment. The analyzer can be used in the home, place of employment, and recreational settings for patients undergoing study and treatment for major diseases or for individual and occupational health risk assessment. Abnormal levels of bio-essential metals (iron, copper, and zinc) as well as toxic trace elements (mercury, lead, cadmium, and arsenic) are known to be associated with many health disorders such as cancer, cognitive impairment, and neurological symptoms. The presence of metals is well-known in most neurodegenerative pathologies, such as excess serum copper or brain iron accumulation, which are associated with Wilson's, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. In spite of their recognized importance, personal exposure to these metals is not routinely measured or monitored in body fluids and tissues or in materials in personal environments. This is due in large part to the difficulty and expense of trace metal measurements in the field or clinic. The proposed analyzer is based on new, powerful, proprietary, monochromatic doubly curved crystal (DCC) and polychromatic polycapillary x-ray optics technology that greatly increases the efficiency and sensitivity for elemental analysis. This new analyzer has the potential to offer an inexpensive, portable, robust, safe, easy-to-operate elemental analyzer for measurements taken on-site, with little or no sample preparation. Furthermore, this will reduce costs for large scale studies such as the Genes, Environment and Health Initiative (GEI), and the National Children's Study (NCS). The proposed analyzer will facilitate much needed links between genetics & exposure research leading to improvements in quality of life while reducing healthcare costs related to a variety of chronic conditions. Public Health Relevance: The proposed new, trace-element, portable, personal environmental exposure analyzer will enable researchers to examine individual exposure to toxic and bioessential trace elements in the home or place of employment without having to collect, store, track, ship, dispose, or transfer samples through central laboratories. The fluids and materials analyzer can be used to detect and quantify, in minutes, trace elements in any liquid, gel or solid that can be homogenized by using an inexpensive, compact, safe, reliable, simple-to-use instrument for on-site measurements. This instrument will have a broad, positive impact on public health by accelerating research capabilities, enabling new studies to more rapidly gather information, (i.e. to link the genetic and environmental correlations), reducing study costs by testing onsite without delays, improving research data available for studies of specific patient populations (such as Alzheimer's or Asthma), and facilitating individual exposure measurements for family or occupational health assessment.

描述（由申请人提供）：国立卫生研究院（NIH）的使命是“科学，追求有关生命系统的性质和行为的基本知识，以及该知识的应用以延长健康的生活并减轻疾病和残疾的负担。”根据这一任务，国家环境健康科学研究所（NIEHS）发布了RFP主题，表明他们的目标和使命是“人类健康和人类疾病是由三个互动元素造成的：环境暴露，遗传易感性和年龄。纽约的使命是降低人类疾病的负担，从而降低每个人的疾病和功能障碍。 X射线光学系统（XOS）的拟议项目将为NIH和NIEHS任务做出重大贡献，并满足NIEHS研究目标的需求。 该项目涉及开发和应用低功率，紧凑，可靠，易于操作的仪器，以测量任何液体，凝胶或固体中的微量元素，以用于单个环境暴露评估。该分析仪可用于主要疾病研究和治疗的患者或个人和职业健康风险评估的患者的家庭，就业地点和娱乐环境。 众所周知，生物上的金属（铁，铜和锌）以及有毒的微量元素（汞，铅，镉和砷）的异常水平与许多健康障碍有关，例如癌症，认知障碍和神经系统症状。金属的存在在大多数神经退行性病理中是众所周知的，例如多血清铜或脑铁的积累，这与威尔逊，阿尔茨海默氏症和帕金森氏病有关。尽管它们具有公认的重要性，但个人接触这些金属的暴露并未在体液和组织中或在个人环境中的材料中进行常规测量或监测。这在很大程度上归因于田间或诊所中痕量金属测量的困难和费用。 提出的分析仪基于新的，功能强大的专有，单色双弯曲晶体（DCC）和多色多毛细管X射线光学技术，可大大提高元素分析的效率和敏感性。该新分析仪有可能提供廉价，便携式，健壮，安全，易于操作的元素分析仪，以进行现场进行测量，而几乎没有样品准备。 此外，这将降低大规模研究的成本，例如基因，环境与健康计划（GEI）和国家儿童研究（NCS）。拟议的分析仪将促进遗传学与暴露研究之间的急需联系，从而改善生活质量，同时降低与各种慢性病有关的医疗保健成本。 公共卫生相关性：拟议的新的，痕迹，便携式，个人环境暴露分析仪将使研究人员能够检查个人在家里或就业地点的有毒和生物经验的微量元素，而无需收集，存储，追踪，追踪，运送，运输，处置或转移样品通过中央实验室。流体和材料分析仪可用于在几分钟内以任何液体，凝胶或固体中的痕量元素来检测和量化，这些元素可以通过使用便宜，紧凑，安全，可靠，易于使用的仪器来进行现场测量。该乐器通过加速研究能力将对公共卫生产生广泛的积极影响，使新的研究能够更快地收集信息（即链接遗传和环境相关性），通过无需延迟测试现场测试，从而降低研究成本，从而改善可用的研究数据，以评估特定患者的研究（例如，对阿尔茨海默氏症的研究或占领），并占领了个人的态度，并进行了个人的态度。