Analyzer for Monitoring Personal Environmental Exposure to Fluids and Materials

用于监测个人环境中液体和材料暴露情况的分析仪

• 批准号: 7480879
• 负责人: WALTER M GIBSON
• 金额: $ 9.99万
• 依托单位: X-RAY OPTICAL SYSTEMS, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-05-15 至 2009-09-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7480879
• 关键词: Age; Agriculture; Alzheimer' s Disease; Arsenic; Asthma; Attention; Award; Behavior; Body Fluids; Brain; Cadmium; Child; Chocolate; Chronic; Chronic Disease; Clinic; Clinical; Communities; Condition; Copper; Data; Databases; Detection; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Disease; Dust; Elderly; Elements; Employment; Environment; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Health; Exposure to; Family; Feasibility Studies; Fluorescence; Food; Functional disorder; Funding; Gel; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genomics; Goals; Health; Health Care Costs; Heart Diseases; Heavy Metals; Herbal Medicine; Herbicides; Home environment; Household; Human; Impaired cognition; Indium; Individual; Institutes; International; Iron; Juice; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Life; Link; Liquid substance; Lotion; Malignant Neoplasms; Manufacturer Name; Measurement; Measures; Mercury; Metal exposure; Metals; Methods; Mining; Minority; Mission; Monitor; Mustard; National Children' s Study; Nature; Nerve Degeneration; Neurologic; New York; Notification; Nuts; Occupational Health; Optics; Organ failure; Organism; Paint; Parkinson Disease; Pathology; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Perfume; Personal Satisfaction; Pesticides; Phase; Play; Population; Powder dose form; Preparation; Procedures; Process; Public Health; Quality of life; Range; Recording of previous events; Reference Standards; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Subjects; Risk; Risk Assessment; Roentgen Rays; Sampling; Schools; Science; Serum; Shipping; Ships; Site; Skin; Soaps; Soil; Solid; Solutions; Solvents; Source; Spices; Staining method; Stains; Standards of Weights and Measures; Sterile coverings; Symptoms; System; Tea; Technology; Testing; Tissues; Toothpaste; Toy; Trace Elements; Trace metal; United States National Institutes of Health; Veterans; Water; Wine; Work; Workplace; Zinc; base; burden of illness; commercialization; cost; design; detector; dietary supplements; disability; health science research; human disease; improved; information gathering; instrument; instrumentation; member; neurotoxic; pill; programs; prototype; remediation; research study; toxic metal

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The mission of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is "science in pursuit of fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systems and the application of that knowledge to extend healthy life and reduce the burdens of illness and disability." Pursuant to that mission, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) released the RFP topic stating their objective and mission that "human health and human disease result from three interactive elements: environmental exposure, genetic susceptibility, and age. The mission of NIEHS is to reduce the burden of human disease and dysfunction from environmental causes by understanding each of these components and how they interrelate." The proposed project from X-ray Optical Systems (XOS) will make a significant contribution for both the NIH and NIEHS Missions, as well as meet the needs of the NIEHS research objective. This project involves development and application of a low-power, compact, reliable, easy-to-operate instrument for measurement of trace elements in any liquid, gel, or solid that can be homogenized for individual environmental exposure assessment. The analyzer can be used in the home, place of employment, and recreational settings for patients undergoing study and treatment for major diseases or for individual and occupational health risk assessment. Abnormal levels of bio-essential metals (iron, copper, and zinc) as well as toxic trace elements (mercury, lead, cadmium, and arsenic) are known to be associated with many health disorders such as cancer, cognitive impairment, and neurological symptoms. The presence of metals is well-known in most neurodegenerative pathologies, such as excess serum copper or brain iron accumulation, which are associated with Wilson's, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. In spite of their recognized importance, personal exposure to these metals is not routinely measured or monitored in body fluids and tissues or in materials in personal environments. This is due in large part to the difficulty and expense of trace metal measurements in the field or clinic. The proposed analyzer is based on new, powerful, proprietary, monochromatic doubly curved crystal (DCC) and polychromatic polycapillary x-ray optics technology that greatly increases the efficiency and sensitivity for elemental analysis. This new analyzer has the potential to offer an inexpensive, portable, robust, safe, easy-to-operate elemental analyzer for measurements taken on-site, with little or no sample preparation. Furthermore, this will reduce costs for large scale studies such as the Genes, Environment and Health Initiative (GEI), and the National Children's Study (NCS). The proposed analyzer will facilitate much needed links between genetics & exposure research leading to improvements in quality of life while reducing healthcare costs related to a variety of chronic conditions. Public Health Relevance: The proposed new, trace-element, portable, personal environmental exposure analyzer will enable researchers to examine individual exposure to toxic and bioessential trace elements in the home or place of employment without having to collect, store, track, ship, dispose, or transfer samples through central laboratories. The fluids and materials analyzer can be used to detect and quantify, in minutes, trace elements in any liquid, gel or solid that can be homogenized by using an inexpensive, compact, safe, reliable, simple-to-use instrument for on-site measurements. This instrument will have a broad, positive impact on public health by accelerating research capabilities, enabling new studies to more rapidly gather information, (i.e. to link the genetic and environmental correlations), reducing study costs by testing onsite without delays, improving research data available for studies of specific patient populations (such as Alzheimer's or Asthma), and facilitating individual exposure measurements for family or occupational health assessment.

描述（由申请人提供）：美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）的使命是“追求关于生命系统的性质和行为的基本知识的科学，并应用这些知识来延长健康生命，减少疾病和残疾的负担。”根据这一使命，国家环境健康科学研究所（NIEHS）发布了征求意见稿主题，说明其目标和使命，即"人类健康和人类疾病是由三个相互作用的因素造成的：环境暴露、遗传易感性和年龄。NIEHS的使命是通过了解每一个组成部分以及它们之间的相互关系来减轻环境因素造成的人类疾病和功能障碍的负担。”x射线光学系统（XOS）提出的项目将为NIH和NIEHS的任务做出重大贡献，并满足NIEHS研究目标的需要。该项目涉及开发和应用一种低功耗、紧凑、可靠、易于操作的仪器，用于测量任何液体、凝胶或固体中的微量元素，这些微量元素可以均质化，用于个人环境暴露评估。该分析仪可用于家庭、工作场所和娱乐场所，用于接受重大疾病研究和治疗的患者，或用于个人和职业健康风险评估。已知生物必需金属（铁、铜和锌）以及有毒微量元素（汞、铅、镉和砷）的异常水平与许多健康疾病（如癌症、认知障碍和神经系统症状）有关。众所周知，金属在大多数神经退行性疾病中的存在，如血清铜过量或脑铁积累，这与威尔逊病、阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病有关。尽管这些金属的重要性得到公认，但在体液和组织或个人环境中的材料中，没有常规测量或监测个人接触这些金属的情况。这在很大程度上是由于在现场或诊所进行痕量金属测量的难度和费用。该分析仪是基于新的、强大的、专有的单色双弯曲晶体（DCC）和多色多毛细管x射线光学技术，大大提高了元素分析的效率和灵敏度。这种新的分析仪有潜力提供一种廉价，便携，坚固，安全，易于操作的元素分析仪，用于现场测量，很少或没有样品制备。此外，这将减少诸如基因、环境和健康倡议（GEI）以及国家儿童研究（NCS）等大规模研究的费用。提议的分析仪将促进遗传学和暴露研究之间急需的联系，从而提高生活质量，同时降低与各种慢性疾病相关的医疗成本。