TUMOR DIAGNOSTICS BY LIGHT SCATTERING

通过光散射进行肿瘤诊断

• 批准号: 7724244
• 负责人: JUDITH R MOURANT
• 金额: $ 1.61万
• 依托单位: LOS ALAMOS NAT SECTY-LOS ALAMOS NAT LAB
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-07-01 至 2009-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7724244
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Atypical Squamous Cell; Biological Models; Biopsy; Cancer Detection; Carcinoma; Cells; Clinical Trials; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Cost Savings; Dependence; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Dysplasia; Elastic scattering spectroscopy; Environment; Epithelial Cells; Excision; Funding; Grant; Hemoglobin; Infection; Institution; Invasive; Light; Location; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri; Measurement; Measures; Medical; Methods; Optics; Pap smear; Pathology; Patient Care; Property; Rate; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Screening procedure; Source; Squamous Epithelium; Standards of Weights and Measures; Techniques; Testing; Tissue Sample; Tissues; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; Wound Healing; cost; follow-up; improved; in vivo; interest; light scattering; sedative; size; tumor; tumorigenic

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Optical techniques for tissue diagnosis without the removal of tissue are now being developed which offer significant advantages over standard techniques, such as tissue biopsy, both in terms of patient care and medical costs. For example, optical techniques are faster, sedatives are not needed, and complications associated with tissue removal such as infection are eliminated. The aim of this proposal is to develop and test polarized elastic scattering spectroscopy. Elastic scattering spectroscopy (ESS) measures the wavelength dependence of light that has entered the tissue, been scattered within the tissue and re-emitted. In polarized ESS the delivered light is polarized and the detected light is measured through polarizers. The detected light can provide information about both the morphological properties and the hemoglobin concentration. For example, a sensitivity to the rate at which cells are replicating has been demonstrated and measurements of model systems have shown that scatterer size and concentration can be determined. In order for this technique to reach its full potential an understanding of the fundamental interactions of light with tissue is needed. The first specific aim of this proposal is to determine how specific structural features of cells contribute to light scattering. The next aim will be to examine light scattering differences between tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic epithelial cells. Epithelial cells are particularly interesting, because most cancers originate from epithelial cells. Previous work demonstrated that the environment induced by cells in 3-D culture can cause a difference in light scattering from tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cells. In parallel with the study of scattering properties improved measurement techniques will be developed and implemented for in vivo use. Finally, clinical trials will be performed to determine the utility of polarized elastic scattering spectroscopy to detect/diagnose squamous epithelium, reactive/repairing tissue, low grade dysplasia, high grade dysplasia and invasive carcinoma. Screening and diagnosis of cervical cancer is an ideal arena for the entry of optical techniques for cancer detection. The tissue is easily accessible and the low-accuracy Pap smear test has already demonstrated the utility of screening methods. ESS has the potentially to rapidly sample tissue and pinpoint locations of specific pathologies. Potentially ESS could replace Pap smears as a less frequent test or serve as an adjunct. If polarized ESS could be used to determine the significance of an ASCUS (atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance) Pap smear result, it could result in significant cost savings. ASCUS is the most common anomaly detected by Pap smears and annual follow up is estimated to cost $4.5 billion per year.

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 现在正在开发用于组织诊断而不去除组织的光学技术，其在患者护理和医疗成本方面都提供优于标准技术（例如组织活检）的显著优点。 例如，光学技术更快，不需要镇静剂，并且消除了与组织切除相关的并发症，如感染。 本建议的目的是开发和测试偏振弹性散射光谱。 弹性散射光谱（ESS）测量已经进入组织、在组织内散射并重新发射的光的波长依赖性。 在偏振ESS中，传送的光被偏振，并且通过偏振器测量检测到的光。 检测到的光可以提供关于形态特性和血红蛋白浓度的信息。 例如，已经证明了对细胞复制速率的敏感性，并且模型系统的测量表明可以确定散射体的大小和浓度。 为了使这项技术充分发挥其潜力，需要了解光与组织的基本相互作用。 该提案的第一个具体目标是确定细胞的特定结构特征如何对光散射做出贡献。 下一个目标将是检查致瘤性和非致瘤性上皮细胞之间的光散射差异。 上皮细胞特别有趣，因为大多数癌症起源于上皮细胞。 先前的工作表明，三维培养中细胞诱导的环境可以导致致瘤细胞和非致瘤细胞的光散射差异。 在平行的散射性能的研究，改进的测量技术将开发和实施在体内使用。 最后，将进行临床试验以确定偏振弹性散射光谱检测/诊断鳞状上皮、反应性/修复组织、低度异型增生、高度异型增生和浸润性癌的效用。 宫颈癌的筛查和诊断是光学技术进入癌症检测的理想竞技场。 这种组织很容易获得，而低准确度的巴氏涂片测试已经证明了筛查方法的实用性。 ESS具有快速取样组织和精确定位特定病理的潜力。 潜在的ESS可以取代巴氏涂片作为一个不太频繁的测试或作为一个辅助。 如果极化ESS可用于确定ASCUS（不确定意义的非典型鳞状细胞）巴氏涂片结果的意义，它可能会导致显着的成本节约。 ASCUS是巴氏涂片检查发现的最常见的异常，估计每年的随访费用为45亿美元。