The Development and Redevelopment of Lexical and Sublexical Representations

词汇和潜词汇表征的发展和再发展

• 批准号: 7561202
• 负责人: ARTHUR G SAMUEL
• 金额: $ 38.03万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY NEW YORK STONY BROOK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-17 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7561202
• 关键词: Accent; Affect; Appearance; Area; Autistic Disorder; Categories; Characteristics; Child; Cognition; Cognitive; Communication; Comprehension; Conceptions; Development; Disease; Dissociation; Environment; Exposure to; Human; Individual; Individual Differences; Investigation; Laboratories; Language; Language Development; Learning; Life; Mental disorders; Methodology; Operative Surgical Procedures; Partial Hearing Loss; Pattern; Perception; Perceptual learning; Persons; Phonetics; Play; Population; Process; Property; Psyche structure; Public Health; Research; Resources; Role; Running; Schizophrenia; Societies; Source; Specific qualifier value; Speech; Speech Perception; Speech Sound; Stroke; Structure; System; Testing; Time; Variant; Visual; Work; base; density; design; language processing; lexical; remediation; research study; system architecture

Language is one of the most fundamental human cognitive abilities. It plays an important role in normal development, and is the major means for acquiring information in many domains. A number of psychological disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, autism) can disrupt the normally impressive functioning of this system, greatly exacerbating the negative consequences of these disorders. Psycholinguists have made significant progress in specifying the structures and processes that underlie language comprehension. Over the course of the last two decades, our laboratory has learned a great deal about how words are represented in a person’s “mental lexicon”. Our research has begun to clarify how the presentation of a spoken word leads to a particular lexical representation becoming activated, and what the effects of such activation are (e.g., what effect one active lexical representation has on others, and on units at other levels of representation). The current proposal continues our investigation of spoken language processing, with a focus on the dynamic properties of lexical and sublexical systems: Through perceptual learning, there is continuous redevelopment of the sublexical representations that are used to access the lexical entries. The proposed project includes a large set of theoretically-driven empirical studies of sublexical perceptual learning. The experiments use a range of different methodologies, in order to assure correct theoretical inferences through converging operations. The set of studies on perceptual learning will provide a detailed understanding of how the perceptual system restructures its sublexical representations. Our work to date in this area has shown that the system is appropriately conservative about such restructuring, only changing the representations to accommodate phonetic variation when the variation is characteristic of a speaker (the Conservative Adjustment/Restructuring Principle, or “CA/RP”). The proposed experiments will track the representational shift, across time, across number of exposures to a variant, and across the phonetic details of the variants. The product of the proposed research will be a much better understanding of the architecture of the system that accomplishes language comprehension. These studies will provide a much more detailed picture of how lexical and sublexical representations change over both the short term, and the longer term. Such an understanding is critical to our understanding language processing. Because language is such a fundamental cognitive ability, progress in describing language processing will enhance our understanding of human cognition, under both normal and disordered conditions.

语言是人类最基本的认知能力之一。它在正常情况下发挥着重要作用 发展，是许多领域获取信息的主要手段。一些心理 疾病（例如精神分裂症、自闭症）会严重破坏该系统通常令人印象深刻的功能 加剧这些疾病的负面后果。 心理语言学家在明确其背后的结构和过程方面取得了重大进展 语言理解。在过去的二十年里，我们的实验室学到了很多东西 关于单词如何在一个人的“心理词典”中表示的。我们的研究已经开始阐明如何 口头单词的呈现会导致特定的词汇表示被激活，并且 这种激活的效果是（例如，一种主动词汇表示对其他词汇表示以及对位于 其他级别的代表）。 当前的提案继续我们对口语处理的研究，重点是 词汇和词汇下系统的动态特性：通过感知学习，可以连续地 重新开发用于访问词汇条目的词汇下表示。拟议的 项目包括大量理论驱动的词汇下感知学习实证研究。这 实验使用一系列不同的方法，以确保正确的理论推论 聚合运算。关于知觉学习的一系列研究将提供对如何进行知觉学习的详细理解。 知觉系统重组其词汇下表征。迄今为止我们在这一领域的工作表明 该系统对于此类重组适当保守，仅将表示更改为 当语音变化是说话者的特征时（保守派 调整/重组原则，或“CA/RP”）。拟议的实验将跟踪代表性 跨越时间、接触变体的次数以及变体的语音细节的转变。 所提出的研究成果将是对架构的更好理解 完成语言理解的系统。这些研究将提供更详细的情况 词汇和亚词汇表征在短期和长期内如何变化。这样一个 理解对于我们理解语言处理至关重要。因为语言是如此基础 认知能力，描述语言处理的进步将增强我们对人类的理解 正常和紊乱条件下的认知。