Development of Intermodal Perception of Social Events: Infancy to Childhood

社会事件多式联运感知的发展：婴儿期到儿童期

• 批准号: 7776912
• 负责人: Lorraine E Bahrick
• 金额: $ 31.26万
• 依托单位: FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-01 至 2013-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7776912
• 关键词: Accounting; Affect; Age; Area; Attention; Attenuated; Auditory; Autistic Disorder; Behavioral; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Cognitive; Color; Complex; Data; Detection; Development; Developmental Delay Disorders; Discrimination; Event; Eye; Face; Face Processing; Fostering; Goals; Heart Rate; Human; Impairment; Infant; Infant Development; Intervention; Investigation; Joints; Language; Learning; Learning Disabilities; Link; Literature; Measures; Mediating; Memory; Modality; Modeling; Mothers; Nature; Ocular Fixation; Pattern; Perception; Perceptual learning; Photic Stimulation; Physiological; Preschool Child; Process; Property; Recovery; Research; Research Design; Role; Social Development; Social Interaction; Social Perception; Specific qualifier value; Speech; Staging; Stimulus; Tactile; Testing; Time; Translating; Translations; Visual; Visual attention; Voice; Walkers; base; developmental disease; early childhood; face perception; indexing; infancy; infant animal; novel; public health relevance; research study; response; selective attention; skills; social; theories; visual control

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed research investigates how and under what conditions various aspects of social events become salient, attended, and perceived and how this changes across development from infancy through early childhood. In particular, this proposal explores the developmental course of infants' perception of faces, voices, and amodal properties of speech (tempo, rhythm, and intensity) in unimodal auditory, unimodal visual, and multimodal, audiovisual stimulation using convergent measures of heart rate, eye tracking, and infant controlled visual habituation. Predictions concerning the role of redundancy across the senses in promoting and organizing the development of attention, perception, and learning about different properties of events in multimodal and unimodal stimulation, generated from of our model of selective attention (the intersensory redundancy hypothesis) will be tested. Five specific aims systematically explore the conditions that facilitate versus attenuate learning about faces, voices, and amodal properties of speech. By investigating multimodal and unimodal perception under a single framework, we will provide a basis for integrating separate literatures and reveal important interactions between modality of stimulation (unimodal, multimodal) and attention to properties of events (redundantly versus nonredundantly specified) that cannot be detected in separate research designs. We use a novel combination of convergent measures: visual habituation and recovery reveal what properties of audiovisual speech events infants detect (faces, voices, amodal properties of speech), heart rate indexes the depth and efficiency of processing, and eye tracking reveals what features of dynamic faces infants selectively attend under different conditions (redundant vs nonredundant). By including measures across different levels of analysis, critical controls for amount and type of stimulation, manipulations of task difficulty, and effects of repeated exposure, we will reveal much more about the nature, basis, and processes underlying the attentional salience of social events than can be revealed by separate studies or single measures. Patterns of selective attention and learning about social events that converge with those of our prior studies of nonsocial events will suggest that general perceptual processes govern attention and learning in this domain. Our goals are to advance developmental theory in the area of attention and perception, and to establish norms for infant sensitivity to intersensory and unimodal information about critical aspects of social events that can be used for assessing atypical patterns of development and can serve as a basis for interventions. Assessing multimodal conditions will also enhance ecological validity and foster translation of findings to real world learning contexts. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This research will reveal new information about the nature, basis, and development of attention to and perception of faces, voices, and amodal aspects of speech (tempo, rhythm, intensity) in unimodal visual, unimodal auditory, and multimodal audiovisual stimulation in infants and young children. Convergent measures of visual habituation, heart rate, and eye tracking, about the nature of selective attention to different properties of social events under different conditions, will provide a comprehensive and integrated picture of processes usually studied separately. Findings will provide a wealth of critical information about typical developmental patterns at a level of detail that is novel and necessary for identifying atypical patterns of development, including social attention deficits characteristic of autism. Findings are easily translated to real world settings and can serve as a basis for interventions for developmental delays.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究调查如何以及在什么条件下社会事件的各个方面变得突出，出席和感知，以及如何从婴儿期到幼儿期的发展变化。特别是，这个建议探讨了发展过程中的婴儿的脸，声音和非模态的语音特性（克里思，节奏和强度）的知觉在单峰听觉，单峰视觉，和多模态，视听刺激使用收敛措施的心率，眼动跟踪，和婴儿控制的视觉习惯。预测的作用冗余的感官在促进和组织的发展，注意力，知觉，学习不同属性的事件在多模态和单峰刺激，从我们的模型产生的选择性注意（intersensory冗余假说）将被测试。五个具体的目标系统地探讨了促进与衰减学习的条件下，面孔，声音和语音的非模态属性。通过在一个单一的框架下调查多模态和单峰感知，我们将提供一个基础，整合单独的文献，并揭示刺激方式（单峰，多模态）和注意事件的属性（冗余与非冗余指定），不能在单独的研究设计中检测到的重要相互作用。我们使用了一种新颖的组合收敛的措施：视觉习惯和恢复揭示视听言语事件婴儿检测（面孔，声音，语音的非模态属性），心率指数的深度和效率的处理，和眼动跟踪揭示了什么样的功能动态面孔婴儿选择性地参加在不同的条件下（冗余与非冗余）。通过包括不同层次的分析，刺激的数量和类型的关键控制措施，任务难度的操纵，以及重复暴露的影响，我们将揭示更多关于社会事件的注意力显着性的本质，基础和过程，而不是通过单独的研究或单一的措施。选择性注意和学习的模式与我们以前对非社会性事件的研究一致，这表明一般的感知过程控制着这一领域的注意和学习。我们的目标是在注意力和知觉领域推进发展理论，并建立婴儿对社会事件关键方面的感官间和单峰信息敏感性的规范，这些信息可用于评估非典型的发展模式，并可作为干预措施的基础。评估多模态条件还将增强生态有效性，并促进将研究结果转化为真实的世界学习环境。公共卫生关系：这项研究将揭示婴儿和幼儿在单峰视觉、单峰听觉和多模态视听刺激中对面孔、声音和言语的非模态方面（克里思、节奏、强度）的注意和感知的性质、基础和发展的新信息。关于在不同条件下对社会事件的不同属性的选择性注意的性质的视觉习惯化、心率和眼动跟踪的会聚测量将提供通常单独研究的过程的全面和综合的画面。研究结果将提供丰富的关键信息，典型的发展模式的细节水平，是新颖的和必要的识别非典型的发展模式，包括自闭症的社会注意力缺陷的特点。研究结果很容易转化为真实的世界环境，并可以作为发育迟缓干预措施的基础。