Family Transitions and Toddler Development: A Within-Family Perspective

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究的主要目标是使用家庭内兄弟姐妹设计检查24至36个月幼儿自我调节的发展，并解决与早期自我调节能力发展相一致的家庭中发生的变化。这项研究计划包括在现有的一项研究中增加纵向随访，研究第二个孩子出生后，当第二个孩子年满24个月和36个月时，家庭的变化。具体而言，参与家庭过渡研究（FTS）的家庭将在第二个孩子24个月和36个月大时重新联系，以评估家庭动态以及家庭中兄弟姐妹的社会和情感发展。24个月和36个月时间点扩展了先前6个时间点（产前、1、4、8、12和18个月）的数据收集，允许检查双亲（母亲、父亲）和两个兄弟姐妹（年长者、幼儿）的家庭系统内的复杂变化。本研究提出：1.确定第二个出生的孩子从18个月到36个月的自我调节的变化轨迹; 2。超越家庭间、母子间的研究，包括父亲和哥哥姐姐，努力研究家庭内的过程，这对幼儿早期自我调节的发展很重要。3.同时模型的变化，在年长的兄弟姐妹的问题行为，从出生前到36个月后的兄弟姐妹出生，并将其与变化的幼儿兄弟姐妹的发展自我调节，从18个月至36个月; 4。检查出生后前三年内家庭内部的变化（父母抑郁，养育子女，兄弟姐妹关系，婚姻变化）是否作为共同或非共同的家庭风险因素，预测18至36个月的兄弟姐妹结果的发展。拟议的研究是独特的，因为它包括一个大样本的180个家庭;纵向跨越8个时间点;包括母亲和父亲，和两个兄弟姐妹;并检查家庭内的过程中没有检查到早期自我调节的发展。这项研究将进一步我们的家庭过程，预测困难的幼儿行为在“可怕的两个”和援助专业人员和父母在预防儿童早期的行为问题的理解。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The primary goal of this research is to examine the development of toddler self-regulation from 24 to 36 months using a within-family, sibling design and to address changes occurring in the family that coincide with the development of early self-regulatory competence. The study plan involves adding longitudinal follow-ups to an existing study examining changes in the family following the birth of a second child when the second born turns 24 and 36 months of age. Specifically, families participating in the Family Transitions Study (FTS) will be recontacted when their second child is 24 and 36 months old to assess family dynamics and the social and emotional development of both siblings in the family. The 24 and 36 month timepoints extend data collection from six prior timepoints (Prenatal, 1, 4, 8,12 and 18 months) that allows the examination of complex change within the family system for two parents (mother, father) and two siblings (older, toddler). The research proposes to: 1. Identify change trajectories in the second born child's self-regulation from 18 to 36 months of age; 2. Move beyond between-family, mother-child research, and include fathers and older siblings in an effort to examine within-family processes that are important for the development of the toddler's early self-regulation. 3. Simultaneously model change in the older sibling's problematic behavior from pre-birth to 36 months after the sibling birth and relate it to change in the toddler sibling's development of self-regulation from 18 to 36 months and; 4. Examine whether changes within the family (parental depression, parenting, sibling relations, marital change) during the first three years after the birth act as shared or nonshared family risk factors that predict the development of sibling outcomes from 18 to 36 months. The proposed research is unique in that it includes a large sample of 180 families; followed longitudinally across eight timepoints; includes mothers and fathers, and two siblings; and examines within-family processes not examined to date in the development of early self-regulation. This study will further our understanding of the family processes that predict difficult toddler behavior during the "terrible two's" and aid both professionals and parents in preventing child behavior problems in early childhood.