Efficacy of Various Positive Reinforcers in the Treatment of Destructive Behavior

各种积极强化物在治疗破坏性行为中的功效

• 批准号: 7585082
• 负责人: Henry S Roane
• 金额: $ 4.43万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-05-15 至 2009-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7585082
• 关键词: Affect; Aggressive behavior; Area; Attention; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavior Therapy; Child; Clinical; Communication; Community Integration; Data; Development; Developmental Disabilities; Education; Educational Status; Effectiveness; Epidemiology; Evaluation; Exposure to; Extinction (Psychology); Future; Individual; Intervention; Investigation; Lead; Life; Maintenance; Measures; Meta-Analysis; Methods; Participant; Play; Positive Reinforcements; Positive Reinforcer; Problem behavior; Procedures; Psychological reinforcement; Publications; Reinforcement Schedule; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Role; Schedule; Self-Injurious Behavior; Social Impacts; Stimulus; Time; Toy; Use Effectiveness; Work; base; disability; effective intervention; effective therapy; knowledge base; preference; programs; reinforcer; research study; response; social; therapy development

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Efficacy of Various Positive Reinforcers in the Treatment of Destructive Behavior Destructive behavior (e.g., self-injury, aggression) may impede the development of many individuals with disabilities. These behaviors may occur for many reasons however, for most individuals problem behaviors are controlled by social stimuli (e.g., access to attention, escape from aversive activities). One effective treatment for these behaviors is to no longer deliver the reinforcer (i.e., extinction) or to deliver the reinforcer contingent upon some alternative response (e.g., appropriate communication). Recent research has suggested that providing access to highly preferred alternative reinforcers (i.e., those that do not maintain problem behavior) is also an effective procedure for decreasing problem behavior. For example, an individual who engages in attention-maintained aggression might receive non-contingent access to a preferred toy rather than attention. Alternative reinforcers are typically determined using one of several different preference assessment procedures. However, recent research has suggested that existing preference assessments may not be the optimal method for identifying stimuli to be incorporated into behavioral interventions. Also, few investigations have examined the relative effectiveness of using alternative versus functional reinforcers in the treatment of destructive behavior. In this investigation, individuals with developmental disabilities will select their preferred items through a commonly used preference assessment. Next, a functional analysis will be conducted to identify the reinforcer that maintains destructive behavior (i.e., social positive reinforcement). In Experiment 1, we will compare the alternative reinforcer to the functional positive reinforcer by exposing both to progressive ratio (PR) schedules of reinforcement in which the number of responses required to access either reinforcer will increase progressively within the course of each session, such that the total response requirement increases as the session progressed. We will specifically compare which reinforcer (alternative or functional positive reinforcement) results in more responding under the PR schedules, which will serve as a measure of reinforcer potency. In Experiment 2, we will conduct a treatment evaluation in which the participants will receive access to either the alternative or the functional positive reinforcer contingent upon the omission of destructive behavior for a period of time. It is hypothesized that the reinforcer that is associated with more responding under the PR schedules (i.e., the high potency reinforcer) will also be associated with a greater reduction in problem behavior regardless of whether it was the functional or the alternative reinforcer. This research should extend our knowledge base in the treatment of destructive behavior by providing an alternative method of identifying effective interventions without necessitating a functional analysis. Destructive behavior (e.g., self-injury, aggression) negatively impact social and educational aspects of the lives of up to 50% of individuals with developmental disabilities including autism. These behaviors can be treated by delivering access to stimuli that maintain these behaviors or stimuli that are highly preferred (e.g., toys). The current study will compare how much work individuals will complete (under progressive ratio [PR] schedules of reinforcement) in order to access both those stimuli that produce their problem behavior as opposed to highly preferred stimuli. These two stimuli will then be compared within distinct treatments to reduce the occurrence of destructive behavior. It is anticipated that the stimulus associated with more work completion under the PR schedules will also be associated with a greater reduction in destructive behavior during treatment.

描述（由申请人提供）：各种阳性强化物在治疗破坏性行为中的功效破坏性行为（例如，自我伤害、攻击性）可能会阻碍许多残疾人的发展。这些行为的发生可能有很多原因，然而，对于大多数人来说，问题行为是由社会刺激控制的（例如，获得注意力，逃避令人厌恶的活动）。对这些行为的一种有效治疗方法是不再提供药物（即，熄灭）或根据某种替代响应来递送发光剂（例如，适当的沟通）。最近的研究表明，提供高度优选的替代品（即，那些不保持问题行为的人）也是减少问题行为的有效程序。例如，一个从事注意力维持攻击的人可能会获得非偶然的首选玩具，而不是注意力。通常使用几种不同的偏好评估程序之一来确定替代的优先级。然而，最近的研究表明，现有的偏好评估可能不是识别刺激纳入行为干预的最佳方法。此外，很少有调查研究在治疗破坏性行为中使用替代与功能性替代的相对有效性。在这项调查中，发育障碍的个人将通过常用的偏好评估来选择他们喜欢的项目。接下来，将进行功能分析以识别维持破坏性行为的破坏者（即，社会积极强化）。在实验1中，我们将通过将两者暴露于强化的渐进比率（PR）时间表来比较替代性激活者和功能性正激活者，在该时间表中，访问任一激活者所需的响应数量将在每个会话的过程中逐渐增加，使得总响应需求随着会话的进展而增加。我们将具体比较哪种增强剂（替代性或功能性正强化）在PR时间表下产生更多响应，这将作为增强剂效力的衡量标准。在实验2中，我们将进行一个治疗评估，其中参与者将获得替代或功能性积极干预者，这取决于一段时间内破坏性行为的遗漏。假设在PR调度下与更多响应相关联的应答者（即，高效能的干扰剂）也将与问题行为的更大减少相关联，而不管它是功能性干扰剂还是替代性干扰剂。这项研究应该通过提供一种替代方法来确定有效的干预措施，而不需要进行功能分析，从而扩展我们在治疗破坏性行为方面的知识基础。破坏性行为（例如，自我伤害、攻击性）对多达50%的发育性残疾人（包括自闭症）的社会和教育生活产生负面影响。这些行为可以通过提供对维持这些行为的刺激或高度优选的刺激（例如，玩具）。目前的研究将比较个人将完成多少工作（在渐进比率[PR]强化计划下），以便访问产生问题行为的刺激，而不是高度偏好的刺激。这两种刺激将在不同的治疗中进行比较，以减少破坏性行为的发生。预计与PR计划下更多工作完成相关的刺激也将与治疗期间破坏性行为的更大减少相关。