Development and Field Test of a Positional Tagging Miniature Personal Sensor for

描述(由申请人提供)： 颗粒物(PM)是空气污染的重要组成部分。0.01微米到1.0微米(PM1.0)范围内的颗粒物尤其令人担忧，因为这些颗粒物在肺部呈指数级沉积，大小逐渐减小。在肺泡内，PM具有启动炎症和免疫反应的潜力。粒子&lt；1.0微米是一种基于来源生成和组成的非均质混合物。研究表明，由于“雪崩”效应，颗粒数量与组成无关，对于巨噬细胞介导的肺泡清除至关重要。在人口研究中，我们无法准确地描述平均、峰值和累积的个人暴露，这阻碍了我们对颗粒物对人类健康的潜在影响的理解。这项拟议的研究将开发一种用于PM1.0检测的微型个人传感器，它将具有现场应用价值，并对儿童友好。通过提供一个集成的旋风分离器、饱和器、冷凝器和光学探测器组件，仅消耗毫瓦的电力，并独立于物理方向和正常的儿童活动而运行，由此产生的将支持多种应用。该传感器还将具有无线功能和使用NASA开发的先进信息传输技术进行位置标记，因此，这项研究是独一无二的，因为传感器包装的微型尺寸允许在幼儿日常活动期间持续佩戴，能够监测PM1.0，并结合了GPS设备，可以记录特定曝光的位置。对能够测量微环境PM暴露的个人监测仪的需求尤其重要，因为暴露于许多污染物中的情况往往是高度可变的，往往是在短距离内，特别是在城市地区，并取决于个人的活动模式。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Particulate matter (PM) comprises a significant portion of air pollution. Particles in the range of 0.01 to 1.0 micron (PM1.0) are of particular concern, as these deposit in the lung exponentially with decreasing size. Within the alveoli, PM has the potential to initiate inflammatory and immune responses. Particles <1.0 micron are a heterogeneous mixture based on source generation and composition. Studies have shown that particle number, irrespective of composition is critical for macrophage-mediated alveolar clearance due to an "avalanche" effect. Understanding the potential impact or particles on human health is hampered by our ability to accurately characterize average, peak, and cumulative personal exposures in population studies. The proposed study will develop a miniature personal sensor for the detection of PM1.0 that will be field worthy and child friendly. The resulting will enable numerous applications by providing an integrated cyclone, saturator, condenser, and optical detector package consuming only milliwatts of electrical power, and functioning independent of physical orientation and a normal child's activity. The sensor will also have wireless function and position tagging using the advanced information transfer technology developed by NASA, Thus, this study is unique due to the miniature size of the sensor package allowing for constant wear during the daily activities of young children, the ability to monitor PM1.0, and the incorporation of the GPS device which will enable the location of specific exposures to be recorded. The need for personal monitors capable of measuring micro-environmental PM exposure is especially relevant where exposure to many pollutants is highly variable often across short distances, particularly in urban areas, and dependent upon personal activity patterns.