Development and Field Test of a Positional Tagging Miniature Personal Sensor for

描述（由申请人提供）： 颗粒物（PM）是空气污染的重要组成部分。在0.01至1.0微米范围内的颗粒（PM1.0）是特别值得关注的，因为这些存款在肺中以指数方式随着尺寸减小而沉积。在肺泡内，PM有可能引发炎症和免疫反应。<1.0微米的颗粒是基于源生成和组成的非均匀混合物。研究表明，由于“雪崩”效应，颗粒数量（与组成无关）对于巨噬细胞介导的肺泡清除至关重要。了解颗粒物对人类健康的潜在影响受到我们在人口研究中准确描述平均、峰值和累积个人暴露的能力的阻碍。拟议的研究将开发一种微型个人传感器，用于检测PM1.0，这将是值得实地和儿童友好。通过提供集成的旋风分离器、饱和器、冷凝器和光学检测器组件，所得到的将能够实现许多应用，所述集成的旋风分离器、饱和器、冷凝器和光学检测器组件仅消耗毫瓦的电力，并且独立于物理取向和正常儿童的活动而起作用。该传感器还将具有无线功能和位置标记，使用美国宇航局开发的先进信息传输技术，因此，这项研究是独一无二的，因为传感器包的微型尺寸允许在幼儿的日常活动中不断佩戴，能够监测PM1.0，并结合GPS设备，这将使特定暴露的位置被记录。对于能够测量微环境PM暴露的个人监测器的需求尤其相关，因为许多污染物的暴露通常在短距离内变化很大，特别是在城市地区，并且取决于个人活动模式。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Particulate matter (PM) comprises a significant portion of air pollution. Particles in the range of 0.01 to 1.0 micron (PM1.0) are of particular concern, as these deposit in the lung exponentially with decreasing size. Within the alveoli, PM has the potential to initiate inflammatory and immune responses. Particles <1.0 micron are a heterogeneous mixture based on source generation and composition. Studies have shown that particle number, irrespective of composition is critical for macrophage-mediated alveolar clearance due to an "avalanche" effect. Understanding the potential impact or particles on human health is hampered by our ability to accurately characterize average, peak, and cumulative personal exposures in population studies. The proposed study will develop a miniature personal sensor for the detection of PM1.0 that will be field worthy and child friendly. The resulting will enable numerous applications by providing an integrated cyclone, saturator, condenser, and optical detector package consuming only milliwatts of electrical power, and functioning independent of physical orientation and a normal child's activity. The sensor will also have wireless function and position tagging using the advanced information transfer technology developed by NASA, Thus, this study is unique due to the miniature size of the sensor package allowing for constant wear during the daily activities of young children, the ability to monitor PM1.0, and the incorporation of the GPS device which will enable the location of specific exposures to be recorded. The need for personal monitors capable of measuring micro-environmental PM exposure is especially relevant where exposure to many pollutants is highly variable often across short distances, particularly in urban areas, and dependent upon personal activity patterns.