Control of Early Embryonic Cell Polarity in a Model Deuterostome

后口动物模型中早期胚胎细胞极性的控制

• 批准号: 7940195
• 负责人: David Burgess
• 金额: $ 46.95万
• 依托单位: BOSTON COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2013-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7940195
• 关键词: Actins; Animal Model; Animals; Apical; Biological; Biological Process; Cell Polarity; Cell division; Cell surface; Cells; Cholesterol; Chordata; Cleaved cell; Complex; Crude Extracts; Cytoskeleton; Development; Dominant-Negative Mutation; Education; Embryo; Embryonic Development; Endocytosis; Epithelial; Epithelium; Exhibits; Failure; Fertilization; Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching; Future; Gangliosides; Genetic Models; Housing; Human; Integrins; Intercellular Junctions; Label; Laboratories; Life; Liquid substance; Lower Organism; Marines; Membrane; Memory; Microtubules; Modeling; Monitor; Myosin ATPase; Nature; Nematoda; Neurons; Organism; Other Genetics; Phase; Proteins; Publishing; Regulation; Reporter; Research; Role; Sea Urchins; Series; Signal Transduction; Signaling Protein; Skeleton; Staging; Students; Surface; System; Training; Vertebrates; Wood material; Work; ascidian; base; blastocyst; blastomere structure; cell cortex; embryo cell; experience; fly; gastrulation; graduate student; inhibitor/antagonist; lectures; polarized cell; protein complex; public health relevance; research study

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A series of experiments are proposed to analyze the nature and biological function of early cell polarity in a model deuterostome, the sea urchin cleaving embryo. The animal kingdom is divided into two major groups based on how their embryos develop. Echinoderms, including sea urchins, develop like lower and higher chordates whereas other genetic model organisms heavily studied for their development, including flies and worms, develop very differently. The embryos of these lower organisms exhibit very profound cellular and embryonic polarity upon fertilization and early cleavage divisions whereas such polarity has not been well investigated in the deuterostomes. While the echinoderm embryo has stereotypical cleavage, with for instance an eight cell embryo composed of two tiers of four cells, this embryo also exhibits formation of small micromeres at the vegetal pole at the 16 cell stage whose developmental roles as signaling cells for gastrulation and as cells fated to form the larval skeleton are well studied. Less well analyzed is the cellular polarity of this early embryo at the earliest cleavage divisions. Our preliminary work strongly suggests that the same polarity proteins, termed the Par complex, are polarized, as in the protostomes, at the first cell division in echinoderms and that the polarity is functional. We ask questions in this proposal about how the Par complex proteins are anchored to the cell cortex in a polarized manner and how their functioning is regulated in this model deuterostome. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The research proposed in this application deals with the earliest stages of an embryo's development. We are studying the formation of early cell polarity after fertilization and the first cell divisions in a model organism closely related to vertebrates and findings from this research are directly relevant to the way in which humans develop.

描述（由申请人提供）：提出了一系列实验来分析模型后口动物（海胆裂解胚胎）中早期细胞极性的性质和生物学功能。动物王国根据胚胎的发育方式分为两大类。棘皮动物，包括海胆，像低等和高等脊索动物一样发育，而其他遗传模式生物，包括苍蝇和蠕虫，则发育得非常不同。这些低等生物的胚胎在受精和早期卵裂分裂时表现出非常深刻的细胞和胚胎极性，而这种极性在后口动物中还没有得到很好的研究。虽然棘皮动物胚胎具有典型的卵裂，例如由两层四个细胞组成的八细胞胚胎，但该胚胎在16细胞阶段的植物极处也显示出小的微粒的形成，其作为原肠胚形成的信号细胞和作为注定形成幼虫骨架的细胞的发育作用被充分研究。对这个早期胚胎在最早的卵裂分裂时的细胞极性分析得较少。我们的初步工作强烈表明，相同的极性蛋白质，称为Par复合物，极化，在原口动物，在棘皮动物的第一次细胞分裂，极性是功能性的。我们在这个建议中提出的问题是关于Par复合蛋白如何以极化的方式锚定在细胞皮层上，以及它们的功能如何在这个模型后口动物中受到调节。 公共卫生相关性：本申请中提出的研究涉及胚胎发育的最早阶段。我们正在研究受精后早期细胞极性的形成，以及与脊椎动物密切相关的模式生物的第一次细胞分裂，这项研究的结果与人类发育的方式直接相关。

项目成果

Influence of cell polarity on early development of the sea urchin embryo.

• DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24337
• 发表时间: 2015-12
• 期刊: Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists
• 作者: Moorhouse KS;Gudejko HF;McDougall A;Burgess DR
• 通讯作者: Burgess DR

'Life is a highway': membrane trafficking during cytokinesis.

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2010.01139.x
• 发表时间: 2011-03
• 期刊: Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark)
• 作者: McKay HF;Burgess DR
• 通讯作者: Burgess DR