Effects of State Child Safety Seat Laws on Injuries and Fatalities

各州儿童安全座椅法对伤亡的影响

• 批准号: 7937990
• 负责人: MARY REBECCA KILBURN
• 金额: $ 8.53万
• 依托单位: RAND CORPORATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-25 至 2012-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7937990
• 关键词: Academy; Address; Affect; Age; American; Automobiles; Back; Car Seats; Cause of Death; Cessation of life; Child; Childhood; Communities; Data; Data Set; Devices; District of Columbia; Drops; Effectiveness; Electronic Mail; Family; Family member; Guidelines; Infant; Injury; Law Enforcement; Laws; Link; Medical; Modeling; Motor; Newsletter; Outcome; Pediatrics; Policies; Positioning Attribute; Press Releases; Price; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Resources; Risk; Safety; Sampling; Seat Belts; Series; Statutes and Laws; Surveys; System; Time; Transportation; Travel; Use Effectiveness; Vehicle crash; aged; comparison group; data modeling; improved; journal article; public health relevance; restraint; safety practice; symposium; web site

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The last five years have been a period when the majority of states enacted laws to require the use of child safety seats and rear seating for children above age four. However, there are still 13 states that do not require the use of child safety seats, and many states only require the use of restraints up to age six. While there has been research regarding whether these practices are medically effective in reducing childhood fatalities and injuries, there has been no research that examines whether enacting these laws has any effect on children's outcomes. We propose to examine whether the laws reduce fatalities and injuries, and we also propose to quantify the impacts of the laws and assess how much the laws increase the rate of rear seating and child safety seat use. Furthermore, we compare the outcomes under primary and secondary enforcement, and we examine outcomes for states with different maximum age requirements. Finally we study whether the laws take several years to realize their effects. We will use data from three publicly-available data sets: "The Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS)" The General Estimates Survey (GES), a nationally representative sample of 50,000 motor vehicle collisions each year "Digest of Motor Laws (American Automobile Association, various years). These data will be combined to form a time series of data from 1995-2007 that contains an observation for each state and the District of Columbia (D.C.) in each year. We estimate models that employ state and year fixed effects, control variables, and comparison groups that should not have been affected by the legislation in order to identify the effects of the state policy changes. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project examines the effects of state child safety seat laws for children aged 4-9 on 1) children being restrained in child safety seats, and 2) child fatalities and injuries. We combine three publicly-available data sets to examine these issues at the state level between 1995 and 2007.

描述（由申请人提供）：在过去的五年里，大多数州都颁布了法律，要求为四岁以上的儿童使用儿童安全座椅和后座。然而，仍有13个州不要求使用儿童安全座椅，许多州只要求使用6岁以下的约束装置。虽然有研究表明这些做法在减少儿童死亡和受伤方面是否具有医学效果，但没有研究探讨颁布这些法律是否对儿童的结果产生任何影响。我们建议研究这些法律是否减少了伤亡，我们还建议量化这些法律的影响，并评估这些法律在多大程度上增加了后座和儿童安全座椅的使用率。此外，我们比较了初级和次级执法的结果，我们研究了不同最高年龄要求的州的结果。最后，我们研究法律是否需要几年时间才能实现其效果。我们将使用来自三个公开数据集的数据：“死亡分析报告系统（法尔斯）”一般估计调查（GES），一个全国代表性的样本，每年50,000辆机动车碰撞“机动车法摘要（美国汽车协会，不同年份）。这些数据将被合并以形成1995-2007年的时间序列数据，其中包含每个州和哥伦比亚特区（D.C.）的观察结果。在每一年我们估计模型，采用国家和年度固定效应，控制变量和比较组，不应该受到立法的影响，以确定国家政策变化的影响。 公共卫生关系：该项目研究了4-9岁儿童的州儿童安全座椅法律对1）儿童被限制在儿童安全座椅中，以及2）儿童死亡和受伤的影响。我们结合联合收割机三个公开可用的数据集，在1995年和2007年之间，在国家一级审查这些问题。