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ECOMAR; Ecosystem of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at the Sub-Polar Front and Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone.

生态玛尔；

基本信息

批准号：
NE/C513018/1
负责人：
Imants Priede
金额：
$ 24.02万
依托单位：
Plymouth Marine Laboratory
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2006 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FC513018%2F1
关键词：
ECOMAR Ecosystem Mid Atlantic Ridge

项目摘要

ECOMAR is a £2 million project aimed at understanding how physical and biogeochemical factors influence the distributions and structure of deep-sea communities, focusing on the fauna of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 4 sites in different environmental settings. The four sites are located on either side of the MAR and to the north and south of the Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone (CGFZ), which coincides with the Sub-Polar Front. Using these localities we will investigate the effects of topography and currents on the distribution of the fauna, and the effects of varying organic input in two different biogeochemical settings. The work will focus on rocky slope fauna and sediment pockets in mixed bottoms rather than hydrothermal vents, which are relatively well known. In addition the MAR fauna will be compared with similar rocky slope fauna on the European and American continental margins to determine broad principals on the influence of physical and biogeochemical factors on the composition of the benthic fauna. The MAR is frontier territory and will lead to many new exciting discoveries. We will study the physical, chemical and biological environment of the MAR in terms of circulation, production, biomass and biodiversity. The MAR is a topographically difficult place to sample, which has no doubt contributed to the current lack of knowledge of this region. Therefore ECOMAR will employ the latest technologies to overcome this problem including precision acoustic sensors, instrumented moorings, autonomous lander vehicles, suspended camera systems and the new 6,500m rated research ROV Isis. The first of three proposed cruises to the region will produce detailed bathymetric maps of the study sites to aid deployment of instrument moorings and sampling equipment. In addition intensive CTD sampling will be employed to characterise the circulation in the vicinity of the Sub-Polar Front and provide calibration data for ongoing remote sensing research. The subsequent cruises will continue sampling programmes for pelagic biology using modern acoustic techniques as well as nets. In addition targeted benthic sampling and experimentation will take place using towed cameras and lander vehicles. Finally the ROV Isis will provide the only means of documenting and sampling the fauna of the MAR in addition to taking precision samples for geochemical analysis. The presence of the Sub-Polar Front and influence of the North Atlantic Current (NAC) provide for contrasting production regimes with cold, fresh and well stratified waters creating a biologically productive region to the north of the CGFZ. In contrast the waters to the south are warm, saline and less productive. The strength and position of the NAC will be monitored during the ECOMAR project to allow accurate estimates of export production to the benthos of the MAR. The use of remote sensing technologies, coupled with shipboard biological and physical measurements, will allow patterns of primary production over the MAR to be studied at higher spatial and temporal resolutions. By integrating satellite estimations of primary production with shipboard measurements estimates of export flux can be made and then compared with data from an array of four sediment trap moorings. The supply of food to the deep-sea floor plays a major role in structuring benthic communities and driving rate processes such as reproduction, metabolism and activity. By measuring the composition and quantity of this material both as phytoplankton, zooplankton and sedimenting aggregates the ECOMAR project will be able to identify the driving forces behind observed patterns of abundance, biomass and diversity in the fauna of the MAR.

ECOMAR 是一个耗资 200 万英镑的项目，旨在了解物理和生物地球化学因素如何影响深海群落的分布和结构，重点关注大西洋中脊不同环境条件下 4 个地点的动物群。这四个地点位于 MAR 两侧以及查理吉布斯断裂带 (CGFZ) 的南北两侧，该断裂带与次极地锋重合。利用这些地点，我们将研究地形和水流对动物群分布的影响，以及两种不同生物地球化学环境中不同有机输入的影响。这项工作将重点关注混合底部的岩石斜坡动物群和沉积物区，而不是相对众所周知的热液喷口。此外，MAR 动物群还将与欧洲和美洲大陆边缘的类似岩石斜坡动物群进行比较，以确定物理和生物地球化学因素对底栖动物群组成影响的广泛原则。 MAR 是前沿领域，将带来许多令人兴奋的新发现。我们将从循环、生产、生物量和生物多样性方面研究MAR的物理、化学和生物环境。从地形上来说，MAR 是一个难以采样的地方，这无疑导致了目前对该地区缺乏了解。因此，ECOMAR 将采用最新技术来克服这一问题，包括精密声学传感器、仪表系泊装置、自主着陆器、悬挂摄像系统和新型 6,500m 额定研究 ROV Isis。拟前往该地区的三趟巡航中的第一趟将绘制研究地点的详细测深地图，以帮助部署仪器系泊设备和采样设备。此外，还将采用密集的 CTD 采样来表征次极锋附近的环流，并为正在进行的遥感研究提供校准数据。随后的航行将继续使用现代声学技术和渔网进行中上层生物采样计划。此外，将使用牵引式摄像机和着陆器进行有针对性的海底采样和实验。最后，除了采集精密样本进行地球化学分析之外，ROV Isis 将提供记录 MAR 动物群并对其进行采样的唯一方法。次极地锋的存在和北大西洋洋流 (NAC) 的影响提供了与寒冷、新鲜和分层良好的水域形成鲜明对比的生产制度，在 CGFZ 北部形成了一个生物生产区域。相比之下，南部的水域温暖、含盐且生产力较低。在 ECOMAR 项目期间将监测 NAC 的强度和位置，以便准确估计 MAR 底栖生物的出口产量。遥感技术的使用，加上船上的生物和物理测量，将允许以更高的空间和时间分辨率研究 MAR 的初级生产模式。通过将卫星对初级生产的估计与船上测量相结合，可以对出口通量进行估计，然后与来自四个沉积物捕获系泊装置的阵列的数据进行比较。深海海底的食物供应在构建海底群落和驱动繁殖、新陈代谢和活动等速率过程中发挥着重要作用。通过测量浮游植物、浮游动物和沉积聚集体等物质的成分和数量，ECOMAR 项目将能够确定所观察到的 MAR 动物群丰度、生物量和多样性模式背后的驱动力。