Constructing a tephrochronology framework for the last interglacial - glacial transition

构建末次间冰期-冰期过渡的年代学框架

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    NE/D000416/1
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 6.34万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    英国
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2006
  • 资助国家:
    英国
  • 起止时间:
    2006 至 无数据
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Natural archives, such as ice-cores and sediment records from the oceans and lakes provide considerable evidence for the pattern of past climatic and environmental changes. Detailed investigations of such records are fundamental for improving our understanding of natural climatic events particularly as human activities are thought to be altering the global climate system. The last warm episode or interglacial period in particular, (over 100,000 years ago) serves as the closest analogue for understanding the mechanisms, timing and environmental responses that may lead to a glaciated Earth at the end of the current warm episode. Reconstructing the sequence and timing of past climatic events, however, is hampered by large dating errors and the lack of suitable dating techniques. Matching and comparing climatic records from the oceans, continents and ice-sheets in order to understand the environmental responses to climatic events are therefore problematic. A key tool for enabling the synchronisation and direct comparison of different natural archives is volcanic ash. Instantaneous deposition and dispersal of volcanic ash following an explosive eruption often occurs over large geographical areas and these are incorporated as distinct marker layers within different natural archives. In recent years, it has become clear that these ash deposits can actually be traced over thousands of kilometres from volcanic sources, therefore, providing a key technique for the precise correlation of natural archives. A detailed record or framework giving the age and chemical composition of past volcanic eruptions is essential for the successful employment of this technique. The only available archive with the necessary temporal resolution and independent dating control to provide this information is the Greenland ice-sheet. This archive is likely to contain ash deposits from nearby sources such as Iceland and even more distal sources such as Alaska or low-latitude volcanoes. Tracing volcanic events from such sources within the Greenland ice-sheet will enable their precise dating as the ice accumulates in annual layers. More often than not, however, these layers cannot be identified with the naked eye due to the low concentration of ash present in the ice-core material. These horizons however, can be detected through analysis of the chemical signature of the ice itself. A specially-adopted technique will be applied to use these chemical data to pinpoint and extract volcanic ash particles within the ice-core material between 123,000 and 70,000 years ago. Geochemical analysis of each layer will provide a fingerprint of each eruption to identify its volcanic source and to establish links to the same deposit identified in other geological records. In addition to the traditional geochemical technique (electron microprobe) that provides 9 chemical elements, a new method will be employed to provide an additional 30 chemical elements. This technique has as yet, not been used to analyse some of the small volcanic particles contained within the ice-core - but has the potential to advance the specific identification of volcanic sources and differentiation of volcanic ash deposits. Constructing a framework of this kind will provide a detailed record of the timing and frequency of volcanic activity during the end of the last interglacial and the beginning of the last cold episode. This scheme will be of long-term significance for the precise correlation of natural archives to compare the timing of climatic events and the environmental responses in widely separated localities at a critical time in the Earth's history. A better understanding of the pattern of natural climatic events will indeed assist us to predict the likely triggers and sequence of events that may be looming at the end of the current warm episode.
自然档案,如海洋和湖泊的冰芯和沉积物记录,为过去气候和环境变化的模式提供了大量证据。对这些记录的详细调查对于提高我们对自然气候事件的理解至关重要,特别是人类活动被认为正在改变全球气候系统。最后一次温暖期或间冰期(超过10万年前)是理解可能导致当前温暖期结束时地球冰川化的机制,时间和环境反应的最接近的模拟。然而,重建过去气候事件的顺序和时间却受到大的测年误差和缺乏合适的测年技术的阻碍。因此,为了了解环境对气候事件的反应,匹配和比较海洋、大陆和冰盖的气候记录是有问题的。火山灰是实现不同自然档案同步和直接比较的一个关键工具。火山爆发后火山灰的瞬时沉积和扩散往往发生在大片地理区域,这些被作为不同的标志层纳入不同的自然档案。近年来,人们已经清楚地看到,这些火山灰沉积物实际上可以追溯到数千公里以外的火山源,因此,为自然档案的精确对比提供了一种关键技术。详细的记录或框架给出了过去火山爆发的年龄和化学成分,这是成功运用这项技术的关键。格陵兰冰盖是唯一具备必要的时间分辨率和独立测年控制以提供这一信息的档案。这个档案很可能包含来自附近来源的火山灰沉积物,如冰岛,甚至更远的来源,如阿拉斯加或低纬度火山。在格陵兰冰盖内追踪这些来源的火山事件将使它们能够随着冰在每年的层中积累而精确地确定年代。然而,由于冰芯材料中存在的灰浓度较低,这些层往往无法用肉眼识别。然而,这些地平线可以通过分析冰本身的化学特征来检测。将采用一种特别采用的技术,利用这些化学数据来精确定位和提取123,000至70,000年前冰芯材料中的火山灰颗粒。对每一层的地球化学分析将提供每次喷发的特征,以确定其火山源,并确定与其他地质记录中确定的同一存款的联系。除了传统的地球化学技术(电子探针)提供9种化学元素外,还将采用一种新的方法提供另外30种化学元素。这项技术尚未被用于分析冰芯中所含的一些小火山颗粒,但有可能促进火山源的具体识别和火山灰矿床的分化。构建这样一个框架将提供最后一次间冰期结束和最后一次寒冷期开始期间火山活动的时间和频率的详细记录。这一计划将对自然档案的精确相互关联具有长期意义,以便在地球历史的关键时刻比较气候事件的时间和相距甚远的地方的环境反应。更好地了解自然气候事件的模式确实将有助于我们预测可能的触发因素和事件的顺序,这些事件可能在当前温暖时期结束时出现。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(9)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Volcanism and the Greenland ice-cores: the tephra record
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.09.001
  • 发表时间:
    2012-11-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    12.1
  • 作者:
    Abbott, Peter M.;Davies, Siwan M.
  • 通讯作者:
    Davies, Siwan M.
Identification of the Fugloyarbanki tephra in the NGRIP ice core: a key tie-point for marine and ice-core sequences during the last glacial period
  • DOI:
    10.1002/jqs.1182
  • 发表时间:
    2008-07-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.3
  • 作者:
    Davies, S. M.;Wastegard, S.;Andersen, K. K.
  • 通讯作者:
    Andersen, K. K.
Cryptotephras: the revolution in correlation and precision dating.
An overview of distal tephrochronology in northern Europe during the last 1000 years
  • DOI:
    10.1002/jqs.1269
  • 发表时间:
    2009-07
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.3
  • 作者:
    S. Wastegård;S. Davies
  • 通讯作者:
    S. Wastegård;S. Davies
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Siwan Davies其他文献

Siwan Davies的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Siwan Davies', 18)}}的其他基金

Synchronising marine and ice-core records using tephrochronology (SMART)
使用年代学同步海洋和冰芯记录 (SMART)
  • 批准号:
    NE/F020600/1
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 6.34万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Global change: global threats
全球变化:全球威胁
  • 批准号:
    RES-168-26-0044
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    $ 6.34万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant

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Study on development history of the Kanto Tectonic Basin using tephrochronology and biostratigraphy
利用岩石年代学和生物地层学研究关东构造盆地的发育历史
  • 批准号:
    23H00726
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High precision chronology of palaeoenvironments in the past 33,000 years in southern Kyushu and Nansei Islands based on tephrochronology
基于年代学的九州南部和南西群岛近33000年古环境高精度年代学
  • 批准号:
    18K01122
  • 财政年份:
    2018
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Constraining the Age of Yedoma Deposits in Northern Yukon Through Tephrochronology, Luminescence, and Radiocarbon Dating
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  • 批准号:
    529165-2018
  • 财政年份:
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Late Cenozoic tephrochronology and glass fission-track dating
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  • 批准号:
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Collaborative Research: Tephrochronology of a South Pole Ice Core
合作研究:南极冰芯的年代学
  • 批准号:
    1543361
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Collaborative Research: Tephrochronology of a South Pole Ice Core
合作研究:南极冰芯的年代学
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Late Cenozoic tephrochronology and glass fission-track dating
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