QUEST Deglaciation: Climate and Biogeochemical Cycles during the last deglaciation.

该项目的目标是调查自末次盛冰期（LGM：21，000年前）以来气候和地球化学循环之间的双向相互作用。在了解和模拟最后一次冰期-间冰期循环期间气候对外部强迫的反应方面，已经作出了相当大的努力，既包括对关键时期（特别是通过古气候模拟相互比较项目，在末次盛冰期和全新世中期）强迫的平衡反应，也包括通过冰川消退的瞬时反应（几个快速项目的重点）。对气候变化对痕量气体和气溶胶排放的影响进行了研究，其中大多数研究集中在末次盛冰期的极端状态。最近的模拟发展使人们有可能研究地球化学对瞬时气候变化的反应，并研究气溶胶和痕量气体变化对气候系统的反馈。我们将使用FAMOUS（哈德利中心模型的低分辨率版本）作为瞬态建模实验的主要平台，以调查从末次冰期到现在的间冰期过渡期的地球化学响应和反馈。这一建模工作将通过使用GENIE-IGCM的额外模拟来补充，这将使我们能够调查不确定性。模拟地球化学循环的一个先决条件是需要准确地表示过去的气候本身。因此，我们建议开展两项相互关联的活动：（a）模拟末次盛冰期至全新世期间的气候变化，并利用现有和新的古数据综合对这些模拟进行评价，以确定这些模型是否能够充分反映区域气候变化，和（B）开发地球系统模型中的地球化学过程的表示法和补充数据集，这些数据集将用于评估模拟结果。地球化学循环的变化。

The goal of the project is to investigate the two-way interactions between climate and biogeochemical cycling since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM: 21,000 years ago). Considerable effort has been made on understanding and modelling the climate responses to external forcing during the last glacial-interglacial cycle, both in terms of the equilibrium response to forcing at key times (specifically the LGM and the mid-Holocene, through the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project, PMIP) and aspects of the transient response through the deglaciation (a focus of several RAPID projects). There have been studies of the impact of climate changes on trace gas and aerosol emissions, most of which have focussed on the extreme state of the LGM. Recent modelling developments now make it possible to examine the biogeochemical response to transient climate changes, and to examine the feedbacks of changes in aerosols and trace gases on the climate system. We will use FAMOUS (a low-resolution version of the Hadley Centre model) as a primary platform for transient modelling experiments to investigate biogeochemical responses and feedbacks through the transition from the last glacial to the present interglacial epoch. This modelling work will be complemented by additional simulations using GENIE-IGCM which will allow us to investigate uncertainties. A pre-requisite for simulating the biogeochemical cycles is the need for an accurate representation of past climates itself. Therefore we propose two interrelated activities: (a) simulation of climate changes for periods between the LGM and Holocene and evaluation of these simulations using existing and new palaeodata syntheses to determine if the models are able to represent regional climate changes adequately, and (b) development of representations of biogeochemical processes within Earth System models and of complementary data sets that will be used to evaluate the simulated changes in biogeochemical cycles.