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Application of a new constant high pressure incubation system (DeepIsoBUG) to obtain and characterise novel, high pressure, deep biosphere prokaryotes

应用新型恒定高压培养系统 (DeepIsoBUG) 获得并表征新型高压深层生物圈原核生物

基本信息

批准号：
NE/D004950/1
负责人：
Ronald Parkes
金额：
$ 36.26万
依托单位：
CARDIFF UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2006 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FD004950%2F1
关键词：
Application new constant pressure incubation

项目摘要

Recently, huge numbers of bacteria kilometres deep in the Earth have been discovered. These bacteria may represent over 50% of all life on Earth. But we know almost nothing about these bacteria as we can only grow a tiny fraction of them in the laboratory for study. Deep ocean sediments contain most of these 'deep biosphere' bacteria and here pressures are enormous over 300 times that at the surface. Up till now the only way to study them was by bringing samples to the surface and trying to study them at atmospheric pressure, which might kill the vast majority of them. We have developed a system which enables bacteria to be consistently grown and studied under high pressure. This can be used with a new pressure coring and handling system so that bacteria are never depressurised which should allow deep bacteria not previously seen to be studied. We will investigate these bacteria to find out what type they are, how they survive in their extreme (high pressure, low energy and zero oxygen) environment and how they might influence processes in deep sediments and rocks which were previously thought to be geological environments devoid of life. These deep sediments can be tens of millions of years old and may contain ancient bacteria. They may even be an environment where life on Earth might have started. So understanding these bacteria will not only tell us about life on Earth it might also tell us more about how life began.

最近，在地球深处几公里处发现了大量的细菌。这些细菌可能占地球上所有生命的50%以上。但我们对这些细菌几乎一无所知，因为我们只能在实验室中培养一小部分用于研究。深海沉积物中含有大部分这些“深层生物圈”细菌，这里的压力是表面压力的300多倍。到目前为止，研究它们的唯一方法是将样本带到地表，并试图在大气压下研究它们，这可能会杀死绝大多数它们。我们开发了一种系统，使细菌能够在高压下持续生长和研究。这可以与一种新的压力取芯和处理系统一起使用，这样细菌就不会被减压，这应该可以让以前看不到的深层细菌得到研究。我们将研究这些细菌，以了解它们是什么类型，它们如何在极端（高压，低能和零氧）环境中生存，以及它们如何影响以前被认为是没有生命的地质环境的深层沉积物和岩石中的过程。这些深层沉积物可能有数千万年的历史，可能含有古老的细菌。它们甚至可能是地球上生命开始的环境。因此，了解这些细菌不仅可以告诉我们地球上的生命，还可以告诉我们更多关于生命是如何开始的。