Evolution of sexual dimorphism

性二态性的进化

• 批准号: NE/D009189/1
• 负责人: Max Reuter
• 金额: $ 37.43万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2006 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FD009189%2F1
• 关键词: Evolution; sexual; dimorphism

In all animal and plant species with separate sexes, males and females differ in their morphology and sometimes behaviour. We know that these differences have arisen because the sexes have different roles in reproduction and are therefore under different selection pressures. What we have not understood yet is how exactly the difference in selection between males and females leads the phenotypic divergence between the two sexes. The present project addresses this question. It proposes to investigate how divergent selection pressures lead to the accumulation of alleles that are beneficial to one sex but detrimental to the other, in populations of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, and how this accumulation is related to the extent to which selection differs between the sexes. Further, it aims at studying the evolution of dimorphism by creating a novel dimorphism through divergent artificial selection on a presently monomorphic character in D. melanogaster. This approach will give insight in the rate and degree to which populations can respond to divergent selection on males and females and where this response is located in the genome (on the sex-chromosome X vs. the autosomes). Further, the experiment will reveal how the phenotypic divergence between the sexes is regulated at the level of the expression of genes in males and females and what factors affect the ability of this regulation to respond to selection. Taken together, these approaches have the potential to elucidate the evolutionary steps leading to a phenomenon that is ubiquitous in nature and give insights in the molecular processes that underlie it.

在所有有性别区分的动物和植物物种中，雄性和雌性在形态上不同，有时行为也不同。我们知道，之所以出现这些差异，是因为两性在繁殖中扮演不同的角色，因此受到不同的选择压力。我们还不明白的是，雄性和雌性之间的选择差异究竟是如何导致两性之间的表型差异的。本项目探讨这一问题。它建议调查不同的选择压力如何导致等位基因的积累，这是有益的一种性别，但有害的其他，在种群的果蝇果蝇，以及这种积累是如何相关的程度上选择不同的性别。此外，它的目的是研究二型性的进化，通过创造一个新的二型性，通过分歧人工选择目前单形字符在D。黑腹菌这种方法将深入了解种群对雄性和雌性的不同选择做出反应的速率和程度，以及这种反应位于基因组中的位置（在性染色体X上与常染色体上）。此外，该实验将揭示性别之间的表型差异是如何在男性和女性的基因表达水平上进行调节的，以及哪些因素影响这种调节对选择做出反应的能力。总之，这些方法有可能阐明导致自然界中普遍存在的现象的进化步骤，并深入了解其背后的分子过程。

项目成果

Variable DNA methylation of transposable elements: the case study of mouse Early Transposons.

转座元件的可变 DNA 甲基化：小鼠早期转座子的案例研究。

• DOI: 10.4161/epi.5.1.10631
• 发表时间: 2010
• 期刊: Epigenetics
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Reiss D

Genetic drift in antagonistic genes leads to divergence in sex-specific fitness between experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster.

拮抗基因的遗传漂变导致果蝇实验群体之间性别特异性适应性的差异。

• DOI: 10.1111/evo.12032
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: Evolution; international journal of organic evolution
• 作者: Hesketh J

Genome organization and gene expression shape the transposable element distribution in the Drosophila melanogaster euchromatin.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030210
• 发表时间: 2007-11
• 期刊: PLoS genetics
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Fontanillas P;Hartl DL;Reuter M
• 通讯作者: Reuter M

On the Genetic Architecture of Cytoplasmic Incompatibility: Inference from Phenotypic Data

• DOI: 10.1086/670612
• 发表时间: 2013-07-01
• 期刊: AMERICAN NATURALIST
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Nor, Igor;Engelstaedter, Jan;Charlat, Sylvain
• 通讯作者: Charlat, Sylvain

Evolution of dosage compensation under sexual selection differs between X and Z chromosomes.

• DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8720
• 发表时间: 2015-07-27
• 期刊: Nature communications
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Mullon C;Wright AE;Reuter M;Pomiankowski A;Mank JE
• 通讯作者: Mank JE