Pioneering post-genomics approaches for studying algal host-pathogen interactions, using the ectocarpus/eurychasma model.

使用外果/广斑模型研究藻类宿主与病原体相互作用的开创性后基因组学方法。

• 批准号: NE/D521522/1
• 负责人: Frithjof Kuepper
• 金额: $ 6.41万
• 依托单位: Scottish Association For Marine Science
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2006 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FD521522%2F1
• 关键词: Pioneering; post; genomics; approaches; studying

Just like humans, algae are plagued by diseases caused by fungi, bacteria or viruses. This is of ecological importance since entire populations can be periodically decimated, or impacted in a variety of other ways. Also seaweeds, like ourselves, have defenses resembling aspects of our immune system that are produced response to infection. Among the chemical compounds involved, some may display some useful properties from a biotechnological perspective. However, few studies have focused on algal diseases, and data on this topic are scarce. During the last few years, major technical improvements have been made in the field of large scale protein and chemical identification. Furthermore, the complete DNA sequence of a brown alga named Ectocarpus will soon be deciphered. This will be the very first seaweed of which the entire genetic information will be decrypted. Because of those advances, the tools are now available to address the question of algal diseases in a previously unequalled, efficient manner. This project aims to combine these techniques to determine precisely what happens when the brown alga Ectocarpus gets infected by a fungus-like disease-causing organism called Eurychasma. Firstly, infection experiments will be performed on different Ectocarpus strains in order to identify one that would be sensitive to the fungus (i.e. that would get seriously diseased), and another one that would be resistant. Then, by comparing the differences between those two algal strains, it will be possible to determine which proteins and exactly which chemical substances are important for the alga to be resistant against the fungus. The proposed research will contribute to a basis for future comparisons on how algae, animals and terrestrial plants defend themselves against infection. From the existing studies, it can already be inferred that algae share some very old defence mechanisms with them, but that they also have some particularities. Among those, the most widely known is the production of halogenated compounds which are the major natural source of volatiles with the potential to degrade the ozone layer. The fate of iodine and bromine accumulated in Ectocarpus under pathogen attack will be monitored using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, a physical technique that was recently adapted for studying such question in marine organisms. Also, there will be insight about the actual infection mechanism of Eurychasma attacking seaweeds. Since this is the most primitive member of this mostly pathogenic group of organisms, of the oomycetes, this will shed more light on the infection strategies shared by other members of his kind and particularly by some of its close relatives of great economic importance which infect crop plants, most notably the mildew on grape and potato. Finally, since Eurychasma cannot survive without infecting seaweeds, it must have evolved very closely together with these. By sampling the fungus in different parts of the world and trying to infect a large number of algae from different geographical origins, we will try to understand how the pathogen and the algae might possibly have co-evolved. This knowledge of the biological diversity of both the alga and its parasite will also be useful for future studies on epidemics in natural habitats and to assess their role in ecosystem dynamics.

就像人类一样，藻类也受到真菌、细菌或病毒引起的疾病的困扰。这具有生态重要性，因为整个种群可能周期性地大量死亡，或以各种其他方式受到影响。此外，海藻，像我们一样，有类似于我们免疫系统的防御机制，对感染做出反应。在所涉及的化合物中，有些化合物可能从生物技术的角度显示出一些有用的特性。然而，很少有研究集中在藻类疾病，这方面的数据是稀缺的。在过去的几年中，在大规模蛋白质和化学鉴定领域取得了重大的技术进步。此外，一种名为Ectocarpus的棕色植物的完整DNA序列很快就会被破译。这将是第一个完整的遗传信息将被解密的海藻。由于这些进展，现在有了以前所未有的有效方式解决藻类疾病问题的工具。该项目旨在将这些技术联合收割机结合起来，以精确确定当棕色Ectocarpus被一种名为Eurychasma的真菌样致病生物感染时会发生什么。首先，将对不同的Ectocarpus菌株进行感染实验，以确定一种对真菌敏感（即会严重患病），另一种具有抗性。然后，通过比较这两种藻类菌株之间的差异，可以确定哪些蛋白质和确切的化学物质对藻类抵抗真菌是重要的。这项拟议中的研究将为未来比较藻类、动物和陆生植物如何抵御感染奠定基础。从现有的研究中，已经可以推断藻类与它们共享一些非常古老的防御机制，但它们也有一些特殊性。其中，最广为人知的是卤化化合物的生产，这是挥发物的主要天然来源，有可能使臭氧层退化。碘和溴积累在Ectocarpus病原体攻击下的命运将使用X射线吸收光谱法，最近被改编为研究这样的问题在海洋生物的物理技术进行监测。此外，也将有洞察力的实际感染机制Eurychasma攻击海藻。由于这是最原始的成员，大多数致病性的有机体组，卵菌，这将揭示更多的感染策略共享的其他成员，他的种类，特别是由一些近亲的巨大的经济重要性，感染作物植物，最显着的是葡萄和马铃薯上的霉菌。最后，由于Eurychasma不感染海藻就无法生存，它必须与海藻一起进化。通过对世界不同地区的真菌进行采样，并试图感染来自不同地理来源的大量藻类，我们将试图了解病原体和藻类可能如何共同进化。这种关于寄生虫及其寄生物生物多样性的知识也将有助于今后研究自然生境中的流行病，并评估它们在生态系统动态中的作用。

项目成果

The influence of depth and season on the benthic communities of a Macrocystis pyrifera forest in the Falkland Islands

• DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02662-x
• 发表时间: 2020-04-09
• 期刊: POLAR BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 1.7
• 作者: Beaton, Emma C.;Kupper, Frithjof C.;Brickle, Paul
• 通讯作者: Brickle, Paul

Iodine and fluorine concentrations in seaweeds of the Arabian Gulf identified by morphology and DNA barcodes

通过形态和 DNA 条形码识别阿拉伯湾海藻中的碘和氟浓度

• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: []

Laminaria kelps impact iodine speciation chemistry in coastal seawater

海带影响沿海海水中的碘形态化学

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107531
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science
• 作者: Carrano M

The influence of marine algae on iodine speciation in the coastal ocean

海藻对近海碘形态的影响

• DOI: 10.4490/algae.2020.35.5.25
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: ALGAE
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Carrano, Mary W.;Yarimizu, Kyoko;Gonzales, Jennifer L.;Cruz-López, Ricardo;Edwards, Matthew S.;Tymon, Teresa M.;Küpper, Frithjof C.;Carrano, Carl J.
• 通讯作者: Carrano, Carl J.

New records of Palisada tenerrima and Hincksia mitchelliae from the Maltese Islands revealed by molecular analysis

分子分析揭示马耳他群岛 Palisada tenerrima 和 Hincksia mitchelliae 的新记录

• DOI: 10.12681/mms.26275
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Mediterranean Marine Science
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: BARTOLO A