FUNCTIONAL MRI STUDIES OF THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DYSLEXIA IN ADULTS

成人阅读障碍病理生理学的功能 MRI 研究

• 批准号: 7951968
• 负责人: Guinevere F. Eden
• 金额: $ 1.21万
• 依托单位: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-04-01 至 2010-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7951968
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Area; Auditory; Awareness; Behavioral; Biostatistics Core; Clinical Research; Code; Cognitive; Complex; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Data; Developmental reading disorder; Disease; Dyslexia; Etiology; Exhibits; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Funding; Generations; Grant; Individual; Informatics; Institution; Investigation; Language; Maps; Measures; Memory; Modality; Neurons; Performance; Phenotype; Process; Reading; Reading Disabilities; Reading Disorder; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Sensory; Series; Source; System; Task Performances; Techniques; United States National Institutes of Health; Visual; Visual Motion; Visual Perception; Work; behavior measurement; behavior test; data management; information processing; instrumentation; language processing; neuroimaging; neuroregulation; novel; phonology; relating to nervous system; response; visual process; visual processing

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Developmental dyslexia is a common disorder of reading whose etiology is poorly understood. The behavioral manifestations of dyslexia are complex, involving abnormalities in both language and visual perception. It is well known that reading ability is correlated with measures of phonological awareness. Because dyslexics exhibit abnormalities in various forms of phonological processing, this has been suggested as an explanation for their reading disability. While less clinically evident, specific visual processing problems have also been identified in dyslexia and it has been suggested that they contribute to the observed reading disorder. Surprisingly, few functional neuroimaging techniques now provide a way to identify the regional specialization and spatial congruence of the cortical areas engaged in visual sensory and language processing. These new techniques make possible novel investigations of the pathophysiology of the reading disorder developmental dyslexia. We have undertaken a series of integrated studies combining behavioral measures with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the relationship between the disorders in phonological processing and visual motion processing in dyslexia. In this research, functional maps obtained from control subjects during reading tasks will be compared to those obtained in individuals with dyslexia. Our central hypothesis posits the existence of a disorder in temporal information processing in dyslexia that exhibits itself in deficits in both sensory and language processing. In our previous work we have demonstrated a sensory deficit specific to the visual motion processing system. Using similar techniques are now extending these investigations and relate them to dysfunction of phonological processing mechanisms. We hypothesize that we will identify spatial overlap in the cortical areas altered in dyslexia during both phonological and visual processing in the temporoparietal areas, as this area has shown to directly subserve both sensory visual motion and cognitive language processes. Specific questions being addressed include: (1) What are the neural systems involved in phonological awareness (segmentation, rhyme generation and coding in verbal memory) and visual motion processing in normal subject? (2) Do the neural systems involved in phonological awareness show sensitivity to performance rate, modality of presentation (auditory versus visual) or response (overt versus covert)? (3) Is there spatial overlap in the neuronal systems involved in the performance of phonological awareness tasks and visual motion processing ? (4) Since performance on these tasks reliably differentiates dyslexics from controls, are the neural systems involved differently activated in dyslexics and controls during the performance of these tasks? This study will require extensive behavioral testing which will be aided by the Behavioral Phenotyping and Instrumentation Core. Data management and statistical analysis are substantial for both behavioral and fMRI data and will be aided by the Informatics/Data Management and Biostatistics core.

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 发展性阅读障碍是一种常见的阅读障碍，其病因尚不清楚。阅读障碍的行为表现是复杂的，涉及语言和视觉感知的异常。众所周知，阅读能力与语音意识有关。由于诵读困难者在各种形式的语音处理中表现出异常，这被认为是他们阅读障碍的一种解释。虽然在临床上不太明显，但在阅读障碍中也发现了特定的视觉处理问题，并且已经表明它们有助于观察到的阅读障碍。令人惊讶的是，现在很少有功能性神经成像技术提供了一种方法来识别参与视觉感觉和语言处理的皮层区域的区域专业化和空间一致性。这些新的技术使阅读障碍发展性阅读障碍的病理生理学研究成为可能。 本研究采用行为测量和功能磁共振成像（fMRI）相结合的方法，对阅读障碍患者的语音加工和视觉运动加工障碍之间的关系进行了研究。在这项研究中，从控制受试者在阅读任务中获得的功能地图将被比较，在个人与阅读障碍。我们的中心假设假定存在的障碍，在时间信息处理的诵读困难，表现在赤字本身在感觉和语言处理。在我们以前的工作中，我们已经证明了特定的视觉运动处理系统的感觉缺陷。使用类似的技术，现在扩展这些调查，并将它们与语音加工机制的功能障碍。我们假设，我们将确定在语音和视觉处理过程中的颞顶区的诵读困难改变的皮质区的空间重叠，因为这个区域已被证明直接subserve感觉视觉运动和认知语言过程。 具体问题包括：（1）正常人的语音意识（言语记忆中的切分、押韵和编码）和视觉运动加工涉及哪些神经系统？(2)参与语音意识的神经系统是否对表现速度、呈现方式（听觉与视觉）或反应（显性与隐性）表现出敏感性？(3)在语音意识任务和视觉运动处理的神经元系统中是否存在空间重叠？(4)由于在这些任务上的表现可靠地区分了阅读障碍者和控制者，那么在这些任务的执行过程中，阅读障碍者和控制者所涉及的神经系统是否被不同地激活？ 这项研究将需要广泛的行为测试，这将有助于行为表型和仪器的核心。数据管理和统计分析对于行为和fMRI数据都是重要的，并将得到信息学/数据管理和生物统计学核心的帮助。