Monitoring of Cardiovascular Function in Infants By Transcutaneous Dye Dilution

描述（由申请人提供）：心输出量（CO）和心脏预负荷（中央血容量，CBV）和全身血管阻力（SVR）的测量是循环功能的关键临床参数。热稀释技术是测量一氧化碳的公认标准。然而，在新生儿和婴儿中，这种测量所需的肺动脉导管的放置和维护在技术上具有挑战性，并且与导管相关的并发症有关。血容量测量可以定量地进行，然而，这些通常涉及注射放射性标记的示踪剂和/或广泛的连续血液采样，并且很少进行。事实上，对于这些患者的低灌注状态（休克）的治疗，目前的临床决策主要基于血压和其他间接的、相当不可靠的组织灌注体征。这些局限性促使人们研究更新的、侵入性更小的技术。我们最近描述了一种新的指标稀释方法和仪器，用于评估CO、循环血容量（BV）、CBV和SVR，该方法基于fda批准的药物吲哚菁绿（ICG）的静脉注射和循环血液ICG荧光的光学测量。我们现在建议开发和验证一种皮肤探针，可用于经皮测量心血管参数。挑战在于皮肤灌注是动态的，这会影响荧光信号的强度。我们建议通过设计一种结合循环ICG的光学荧光测量和使用成熟的激光多普勒技术测量皮肤部位局部血液灌注的探针来解释这种可变性。这将允许我们调整我们的荧光染料稀释信号，以准确地得出CO， CBV和SVR，而不考虑局部皮肤灌注的变化。目的1是在兔模型中开发和验证这种皮肤探针。目的2是在USC/DaVita肾脏中心接受门诊血液透析的成人受试者中验证临床级皮肤探针。目的3是在洛杉矶儿童医院新生儿和婴儿重症监护病房的新生儿和婴儿中测试探针，并将CO值与功能超声心动图获得的值进行比较。目前，临床迫切需要一种微创技术，这种技术可以快速、连续地测量新生儿和婴儿的心功能。所提出的技术将导致一种实用装置的发展，用于在重症监护、手术和术后环境中监测微创新生儿的一氧化碳，以及那些病情不适合使用中央监测的患者。这一应用程序响应了NHLBI关于改进心脏成像技术的研究重点（儿科心血管疾病研究特别工作组报告，2002年），以及NCRR将生物医学技术创新纳入临床研究的战略重点（2009-2013年），以及NIBIB的战略计划（2006年），以促进跨学科研究，加速有前途的技术的转化，以改善人类健康。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cardiac output (CO) and measures of cardiac preload (central blood volume, CBV) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) are critical clinical parameters of circulatory function. The thermodilution technique is the accepted standard for measurement of CO. However, placement and maintenance of a pulmonary artery catheter required for such a measurement is technically challenging in neonates and infants and is associated with catheter-associated complications. Blood volume measurements can be performed quantitatively, however, these typically involve injection of radiolabelled tracers and/or extensive serial blood sampling and are infrequently performed. In fact, clinical decisions about the treatment of low perfusion states (shock) in these patients are currently being made based primarily on blood pressure and other indirect, fairly unreliable signs of tissue perfusion. These limitations have motivated studies of newer, less invasive techniques. We recently described a new indicator dilution method and instrumentation for assessing CO, circulating blood volume (BV), CBV, and SVR that is based on an intravenous bolus injection of the FDA-approved drug indocyanine green (ICG) and optical measurement of circulating blood ICG fluorescence. We now propose to develop and validate a skin probe, which can be used to measure cardiovascular parameters transcutaneously. The challenge is that skin perfusion is dynamic, which can affect the intensity of the fluorescence signal. We propose to account for this variability by designing a probe that combines the optical fluorescence measurements of circulating ICG with the measurement of local blood perfusion at the skin site using the well-established laser Doppler technique. This would allow us to adjust our fluorescence dye dilution signals to accurately derive CO, CBV, and SVR, irrespective of changes in local skin perfusion. Aim 1 is to develop and validate such a skin probe in a rabbit model. Aim 2 is to validate a clinical grade skin probe in adult subjects undergoing outpatient hemodialysis at the USC/DaVita Kidney Center. Aim 3 is to test the probe in neonates and infants in the Newborn and Infant Critical Care Unit at Children's Hospital Los Angeles and compare CO values with those obtained by functional echocardiography. Currently, a strong clinical need exists for a minimally invasive technique, which can provide rapid, serial measurements of cardiac function in neonates and infants. The proposed technique will lead to the development of a practical device for monitoring CO in minimally instrumented neonates in intensive care, operative and postsurgical settings, and in patients whose condition does not justify the use of central monitoring. This application is responsive to the NHLBI's research priority for improved technologies to image the heart (Task Force Report on Research in Pediatric Cardiovascular Disease, 2002), as well as the strategic priority (2009-2013) of the NCRR to incorporate innovations in biomedical technology into clinical research, and the NIBIB's Strategic Plan (2006) to foster interdisciplinary research for the accelerated translation of promising technologies to improve human health. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Currently, a strong clinical need exists for a minimally invasive technique, which can provide rapid, serial measurements of cardiac function and circulating blood volume in critically ill neonates and infants whose small body size renders more invasive methods (pulmonary artery thermodilution catheter) technically challenging and associated with significant risk. In fact, clinical decisions about the treatment of low perfusion states (shock) are currently being made based primarily on blood pressure and other indirect, fairly unreliable signs of tissue perfusion. Our proposal addresses this need with the development and validation of an optical probe, which can be used to measure cardiac function through the skin for applications in neonatal critical care and in patients whose condition does not justify the use of more invasive monitoring.