Neuropeptide modulation of biogenic amine function and aggression in a crustacean

描述（由申请人提供）：甲壳类生物胺功能和攻击的神经肽调节。该项目的长期目标是了解在无脊椎动物模型中控制攻击行为的机制，以及潜在的神经回路如何响应来自生物体内部和外部环境的信号而被调节。具体目的是了解神经活性肽如何调节血清素（5-HT）和章鱼胺（OA）对显性和顺从型淡水对虾攻击行为的影响。成年雄性对虾通过三种形态发育，与动物在统治等级中的地位相对应。每种形态的典型行为在攻击性、领地性和对雌性的态度上差异很大。虽然其他甲壳类动物模型，如螃蟹、小龙虾和龙虾，已被广泛用于研究相互作用行为，但对虾的优势在于每种形态的特征行为存在显著差异，而且每种动物在优势等级中的地位首先是由其形态而不是其体型决定的。有充分的证据表明，生物胺与脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的社会等级建立相关的行为有关，但这些胺起作用的具体机制在很大程度上仍然未知。血清素和OA已被证明在调节甲壳类动物（包括对虾）的攻击性和战斗行为中起着重要作用，但证据表明它们不是唯一的决定因素。攻击和打斗行为可能因环境而异，如食物、住所和繁殖伴侣的可得性、接触污染物的程度、光/暗周期、健康状况等。产生攻击行为的主要机制可能容易受到多种调节来源的影响，这些调节来源允许生物体调整其对当前环境的反应。我们有兴趣研究神经活性肽在调节生物胺的作用中所起的作用，以及这种调节如何导致对虾攻击行为的变化。本研究的具体科学目的是：(1)研究proctolin、FMRFamide、SIFamide和新发现的对虾神经肽在对虾雄性形态的自然攻击行为以及5-HT和OA注射诱导的攻击行为中的作用；(2)表征这些神经肽在对虾形态中的中枢神经系统分布，并确定其与5-HT和OA的关系；(3)定量测定不同形态对虾循环血淋巴中这些神经肽的相对含量。为了实现这些目标，我们将使用注射感兴趣的药物前后的行为观察和定量技术，中枢神经系统解剖，免疫组织化学，共聚焦显微镜，血淋巴取样和定量质谱。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Neuropeptide modulation of biogenic amine function and aggression in a crustacean. The long-term goal of this project is to understand the mechanisms that control aggressive behavior in an invertebrate model and how the underlying neural circuits are modulated in response to signals from the organism's internal and external environment. The specific goal is to understand how the effects serotonin (5-HT) and octopamine (OA) have on aggressive behavior of dominant and submissive freshwater prawns are modulated by neuroactive peptides. Adult male prawns develop through three morphotypes, corresponding with the animal's status in a dominance hierarchy. The typical behaviors of each morphotype vary quite markedly in aggression, territoriality and attitude towards females. While other crustacean models such as the crab, crayfish and lobster, have been used extensively to study interactive behaviors, the prawn offers the advantage of marked differences in characteristic behaviors of each morphotype and the fact that the position each animal assumes in the hierarchy of dominance is first determined by its morphotype rather than by its body size. There is ample evidence linking biogenic amines to behaviors associated with the establishment of social hierarchies in both vertebrates and invertebrates, but the specific mechanisms by which these amines act remain largely unknown. Serotonin and OA have been shown to play an important role in modulating aggression and fighting behavior in crustaceans, including the prawn, but the evidence suggests that they are not the sole determinant elements. Aggression and fighting behavior can vary depending on circumstances such as availability of food, shelter and partners for reproduction, level of exposure to contaminants, light/dark cycles, health status, etc. The primary mechanisms that produce aggressive behavior are likely to be susceptible to diverse sources of modulation that allow the organism to adjust its responses to the prevailing circumstances. We are interested in studying the role played by neuroactive peptides in modulating the actions of biogenic amines and how this modulation results in changes in aggressive behaviors in the prawn. The specific scientific aims of the proposed research are to: (1) Characterize the role played by proctolin, FMRFamide, SIFamide and newly identified prawn neuropeptides in modulating natural aggressive behaviors of the prawn male morphotypes and aggressive behaviors induced by injection of 5-HT and OA; (2) Characterize the central nervous system (CNS) distribution of these neuropeptides in the prawn morphotypes and determine how it relates with those of 5-HT and OA; and (3) Quantify the relative amounts of these neuropeptides in the circulating hemolymph of the prawn morphotypes. To achieve these aims, we will use techniques of behavioral observation and quantitation before and after injections of agents of interest, CNS dissection, immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, hemolymph sampling and quantitative mass spectrometry.