Neuropeptide modulation of biogenic amine function and aggression in a crustacean

描述(申请人提供)：甲壳类动物中生物胺功能和攻击性的神经肽调节。这个项目的长期目标是了解无脊椎动物模型中控制攻击行为的机制，以及潜在的神经回路是如何对来自有机体内部和外部环境的信号做出反应的。其具体目标是了解神经活性多肽是如何调节5-羟色胺(5-羟色胺)和章鱼胺(OA)对优势和顺从淡水对虾攻击行为的影响。成年雄性对虾通过三种形态发育，与动物在优势等级中的地位相对应。在攻击性、属地性和对待女性的态度上，每种形态类型的典型行为都有很大差异。虽然其他甲壳类动物模型，如螃蟹、小龙虾和龙虾，已被广泛用于研究互动行为，但对虾的优势在于每种形态类型的特征行为明显不同，而且每种动物在优势等级中的位置首先由其形态类型而不是其身体大小决定。有充分的证据表明，生物胺与脊椎动物和无脊椎动物中与建立社会等级相关的行为有关，但这些胺的具体作用机制在很大程度上仍不清楚。5-羟色胺和OA已被证明在调节甲壳类动物的攻击性和战斗行为中发挥重要作用，包括对虾，但证据表明，它们不是唯一的决定因素。攻击性和战斗行为可能会因环境而异，例如食物、庇护所和繁殖伙伴的可用性、暴露在污染物中的水平、光/暗周期、健康状况等。产生攻击行为的主要机制可能容易受到不同的调制来源的影响，这些来源允许有机体调整其对当前环境的反应。我们感兴趣的是研究神经活性多肽在调节生物胺的行为中所起的作用，以及这种调节如何导致对虾攻击行为的变化。这项研究的具体科学目的是：(1)表征直肠肽、FMRFamide、SIFamide和新发现的对虾神经肽在调节对虾雄性体型自然攻击行为和注射5-HT和OA诱导的攻击行为中所起的作用；(2)表征这些神经肽在对虾体型中的中枢神经系统(CNS)分布，并确定其与5-HT和OA的关系；以及(3)量化这些神经肽在对虾体型循环血淋巴中的相对数量。为了达到这些目的，我们将使用注射感兴趣药物前后的行为观察和定量、中枢神经系统解剖、免疫组织化学、共聚焦显微镜、血淋巴采样和定量质谱仪等技术。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Neuropeptide modulation of biogenic amine function and aggression in a crustacean. The long-term goal of this project is to understand the mechanisms that control aggressive behavior in an invertebrate model and how the underlying neural circuits are modulated in response to signals from the organism's internal and external environment. The specific goal is to understand how the effects serotonin (5-HT) and octopamine (OA) have on aggressive behavior of dominant and submissive freshwater prawns are modulated by neuroactive peptides. Adult male prawns develop through three morphotypes, corresponding with the animal's status in a dominance hierarchy. The typical behaviors of each morphotype vary quite markedly in aggression, territoriality and attitude towards females. While other crustacean models such as the crab, crayfish and lobster, have been used extensively to study interactive behaviors, the prawn offers the advantage of marked differences in characteristic behaviors of each morphotype and the fact that the position each animal assumes in the hierarchy of dominance is first determined by its morphotype rather than by its body size. There is ample evidence linking biogenic amines to behaviors associated with the establishment of social hierarchies in both vertebrates and invertebrates, but the specific mechanisms by which these amines act remain largely unknown. Serotonin and OA have been shown to play an important role in modulating aggression and fighting behavior in crustaceans, including the prawn, but the evidence suggests that they are not the sole determinant elements. Aggression and fighting behavior can vary depending on circumstances such as availability of food, shelter and partners for reproduction, level of exposure to contaminants, light/dark cycles, health status, etc. The primary mechanisms that produce aggressive behavior are likely to be susceptible to diverse sources of modulation that allow the organism to adjust its responses to the prevailing circumstances. We are interested in studying the role played by neuroactive peptides in modulating the actions of biogenic amines and how this modulation results in changes in aggressive behaviors in the prawn. The specific scientific aims of the proposed research are to: (1) Characterize the role played by proctolin, FMRFamide, SIFamide and newly identified prawn neuropeptides in modulating natural aggressive behaviors of the prawn male morphotypes and aggressive behaviors induced by injection of 5-HT and OA; (2) Characterize the central nervous system (CNS) distribution of these neuropeptides in the prawn morphotypes and determine how it relates with those of 5-HT and OA; and (3) Quantify the relative amounts of these neuropeptides in the circulating hemolymph of the prawn morphotypes. To achieve these aims, we will use techniques of behavioral observation and quantitation before and after injections of agents of interest, CNS dissection, immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, hemolymph sampling and quantitative mass spectrometry.