Neuropeptide modulation of biogenic amine function and aggression in a crustacean

描述（由申请人提供）：甲壳类动物中生物胺功能和攻击性的神经肽调节。该项目的长期目标是了解无脊椎动物模型中控制攻击行为的机制，以及如何调节潜在的神经回路以响应来自生物体内部和外部环境的信号。具体的目标是了解5-羟色胺（5-HT）和章鱼胺（OA）对显性和顺从淡水对虾攻击行为的影响是如何通过神经活性肽调节的。成年雄性对虾通过三种形态类型发育，与动物在优势等级中的地位相对应。每种形态型的典型行为在攻击性、领地性和对待雌性的态度上差异显著。虽然其他甲壳类动物的模型，如螃蟹，小龙虾和龙虾，已被广泛用于研究互动行为，对虾提供了显着差异的优势，每个形态型的特征行为和事实，即每个动物的地位，假设在等级的优势首先是由它的形态型，而不是由它的身体大小。有充分的证据表明，生物胺与脊椎动物和无脊椎动物中建立社会等级的行为有关，但这些胺的具体作用机制在很大程度上仍然未知。血清素和OA已被证明在调节甲壳类动物（包括对虾）的攻击和战斗行为中起重要作用，但证据表明它们不是唯一的决定因素。攻击和战斗行为可以根据情况而变化，如可用的食物，住所和合作伙伴的繁殖，暴露于污染物的水平，光/暗周期，健康状况等的主要机制，产生攻击性行为很可能是容易受到不同来源的调制，使生物体调整其反应，以适应当时的情况。我们有兴趣研究神经活性肽在调节生物胺的作用中所起的作用，以及这种调节如何导致对虾攻击行为的变化。本研究的具体科学目的是：（1）研究proctolin、FMRFamide、SIFamide和新发现的对虾神经肽在调节雄性形态型对虾自然攻击行为和注射5-HT和OA诱导的攻击行为中的作用;（2）研究这些神经肽在对虾形态型中的中枢神经系统（CNS）分布特征，并确定其与5-羟色胺（5-HT）神经肽的关系。HT和OA;（3）定量测定各形态型对虾循环血淋巴中这些神经肽的相对含量。为了实现这些目标，我们将使用行为观察和定量之前和之后的感兴趣的代理，中枢神经系统解剖，免疫组织化学，共聚焦显微镜，血淋巴采样和定量质谱注射技术。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Neuropeptide modulation of biogenic amine function and aggression in a crustacean. The long-term goal of this project is to understand the mechanisms that control aggressive behavior in an invertebrate model and how the underlying neural circuits are modulated in response to signals from the organism's internal and external environment. The specific goal is to understand how the effects serotonin (5-HT) and octopamine (OA) have on aggressive behavior of dominant and submissive freshwater prawns are modulated by neuroactive peptides. Adult male prawns develop through three morphotypes, corresponding with the animal's status in a dominance hierarchy. The typical behaviors of each morphotype vary quite markedly in aggression, territoriality and attitude towards females. While other crustacean models such as the crab, crayfish and lobster, have been used extensively to study interactive behaviors, the prawn offers the advantage of marked differences in characteristic behaviors of each morphotype and the fact that the position each animal assumes in the hierarchy of dominance is first determined by its morphotype rather than by its body size. There is ample evidence linking biogenic amines to behaviors associated with the establishment of social hierarchies in both vertebrates and invertebrates, but the specific mechanisms by which these amines act remain largely unknown. Serotonin and OA have been shown to play an important role in modulating aggression and fighting behavior in crustaceans, including the prawn, but the evidence suggests that they are not the sole determinant elements. Aggression and fighting behavior can vary depending on circumstances such as availability of food, shelter and partners for reproduction, level of exposure to contaminants, light/dark cycles, health status, etc. The primary mechanisms that produce aggressive behavior are likely to be susceptible to diverse sources of modulation that allow the organism to adjust its responses to the prevailing circumstances. We are interested in studying the role played by neuroactive peptides in modulating the actions of biogenic amines and how this modulation results in changes in aggressive behaviors in the prawn. The specific scientific aims of the proposed research are to: (1) Characterize the role played by proctolin, FMRFamide, SIFamide and newly identified prawn neuropeptides in modulating natural aggressive behaviors of the prawn male morphotypes and aggressive behaviors induced by injection of 5-HT and OA; (2) Characterize the central nervous system (CNS) distribution of these neuropeptides in the prawn morphotypes and determine how it relates with those of 5-HT and OA; and (3) Quantify the relative amounts of these neuropeptides in the circulating hemolymph of the prawn morphotypes. To achieve these aims, we will use techniques of behavioral observation and quantitation before and after injections of agents of interest, CNS dissection, immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, hemolymph sampling and quantitative mass spectrometry.