Surgical Infectious Diseses and Transplantation Training Grant

描述（由申请人提供）：考虑到近一半因急性疾病住院的患者要么需要手术，要么由外科医生护理，接受人体研究（包括转化研究）培训的外科医生数量不足。这些患者中有许多患有感染或接受了器官移植，几乎完全由外科医生治疗，这是NIAID感兴趣的。该申请的两个目标是：1)通过系统地培训住院医生进行多层次临床研究的方法，特别是在感染合并急性疾病或移植领域，增加未来进行有意义的转化研究的外科医生的数量；2)增加学术实践中的少数族裔外科医生的数量，他们将能够改善历史上服务不足、死亡率上升的患者群体的健康状况。接受过2 ~ 3年临床培训的外科住院医师将被录取，每次有4名实习生。学生通常会进入一个专门的两到三年的培训期，其中包括与影响急性疾病或移植患者的传染病相关的核心临床项目，以及弗吉尼亚大学公共卫生科学系的课程，这些课程将获得公共卫生或临床研究硕士学位。或者，少数学生可以选择与外科感染或移植相关的核心实验室研究经验，这将与公共卫生科学系的课程和小组研讨会相结合，为他们在转化研究方面的学术生涯做好准备。通过这些技术，将培养出一批训练有素的年轻外科医生，他们将拥有进行高质量、合乎道德的人类研究的工具，特别是以临床和基础科学的接口为中心的转化研究。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The number of surgeons trained to perform research in humans, including translational research, is inadequate when considering that close to half of all patients hospitalized with acute illness either require an operation or are cared for by surgeons. Many of these patients suffer from infections or have received organ transplants and are managed almost exclusively by surgeons and are of interest to the NIAID. The two objectives of this application are 1) To increase the number of surgeons who perform meaningful translational research in the future by systematically training research residents in the methods of multiple levels of clinical research, particularly in the area of infection complicating acute illness or transplantation, and 2) To increase the number of minority surgeons in academic practice who will be able to improve the health of historically underserved patient populations with increased rates of death. Surgical residents with two or three years of clinical training will be admitted to the program, with a total of four trainees at any given time. Students will usually enter a dedicated, two to three year training period that will include a core clinical project related to infectious diseases affecting acutely ill or transplanted patients, and coursework in the University of Virginia Department of Public Health Sciences that will result in a Masters Degree in Public Health or Clinical Research. Alternatively, a small number of students may elect a core laboratory research experience related to surgical infections or transplantation that will, with the addition of classes and small group seminars in the Department of Public Health Sciences, equip them for an academic career in translational research. Through these techniques, a cohort of young, well-trained surgeons will be developed who will have the tools to perform high quality, ethical human research specifically centered on that interface of clinical and basic science that is translational research. RELEVANCE: Only a small number of surgeons perform research specifically aimed at improving the outcomes of these patients by safely introducing new scientific breakthroughs to their care. We propose to train young surgeons, including those from traditionally underrepresented minorities, to be able to perform this research throughout their careers and increase the survival of patients suffering from severe surgical diseases.