Surgical Infectious Diseses and Transplantation Training Grant

描述（由申请人提供）：考虑到近一半的急性疾病住院患者需要手术或由外科医生护理，接受过人体研究（包括转化研究）培训的外科医生数量不足。这些患者中有许多患有感染或接受了器官移植，几乎完全由外科医生管理，这是NIAID感兴趣的。本申请的两个目的是：1）通过系统地培训研究住院医师进行多层次临床研究的方法，特别是在急性疾病或移植并发感染领域，增加未来进行有意义的转化研究的外科医生数量，2）增加学术实践中的少数民族外科医生的数量，他们将能够改善历史上服务不足的患者人群的健康，增加死亡率。具有两到三年临床培训的外科住院医师将被录取参加该计划，在任何给定时间共有四名学员。学生通常将进入一个专门的，两到三年的培训期，其中将包括一个核心的临床项目，涉及影响急性病或移植患者的传染病，以及在弗吉尼亚大学公共卫生科学系的课程，这将导致公共卫生或临床研究硕士学位。或者，少数学生可以选择与外科感染或移植相关的核心实验室研究经验，这将在公共卫生科学系增加课程和小组研讨会，使他们能够从事转化研究的学术生涯。通过这些技术，将培养一批年轻的、训练有素的外科医生，他们将拥有进行高质量、符合伦理的人类研究的工具，这些研究专门集中在临床和基础科学的界面上，即转化研究。 相关性：只有少数外科医生进行专门旨在通过安全地将新的科学突破引入他们的护理来改善这些患者的结果的研究。我们建议培训年轻的外科医生，包括那些传统上代表性不足的少数民族，使他们能够在整个职业生涯中进行这项研究，并增加严重外科疾病患者的生存率。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The number of surgeons trained to perform research in humans, including translational research, is inadequate when considering that close to half of all patients hospitalized with acute illness either require an operation or are cared for by surgeons. Many of these patients suffer from infections or have received organ transplants and are managed almost exclusively by surgeons and are of interest to the NIAID. The two objectives of this application are 1) To increase the number of surgeons who perform meaningful translational research in the future by systematically training research residents in the methods of multiple levels of clinical research, particularly in the area of infection complicating acute illness or transplantation, and 2) To increase the number of minority surgeons in academic practice who will be able to improve the health of historically underserved patient populations with increased rates of death. Surgical residents with two or three years of clinical training will be admitted to the program, with a total of four trainees at any given time. Students will usually enter a dedicated, two to three year training period that will include a core clinical project related to infectious diseases affecting acutely ill or transplanted patients, and coursework in the University of Virginia Department of Public Health Sciences that will result in a Masters Degree in Public Health or Clinical Research. Alternatively, a small number of students may elect a core laboratory research experience related to surgical infections or transplantation that will, with the addition of classes and small group seminars in the Department of Public Health Sciences, equip them for an academic career in translational research. Through these techniques, a cohort of young, well-trained surgeons will be developed who will have the tools to perform high quality, ethical human research specifically centered on that interface of clinical and basic science that is translational research. RELEVANCE: Only a small number of surgeons perform research specifically aimed at improving the outcomes of these patients by safely introducing new scientific breakthroughs to their care. We propose to train young surgeons, including those from traditionally underrepresented minorities, to be able to perform this research throughout their careers and increase the survival of patients suffering from severe surgical diseases.