Performance, environmental, and economic benefits of biochar supplementation in beef cattle grazing systems

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Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are natural byproducts of ruminant fermentation, and CH4 has a global warming potential 28 times that of CO2. Therefore, mitigation strategies to reduce CH4 emissions in grazing ruminants, such as beef cattle are key, and supplementation of novel products may address this issue, providing necessary information to beef industry stakeholders. Biochar is a form of engineered activated charcoal, which shows promise in reducing methane emissions from ruminants when incorporated in the diet, and increases the biofilm surface area in the rumen. This biofilm provides favorable conditions for the microflora to increase digestive efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas (CH4, CO2) production. Previous studies reported addition of biochar to a forage diet increased DM digestibility while lowering enteric CH4 production, enhancing microbial protein synthesis and improving animal health. These efforts suggest inclusion of biochar in forage diets or directly fed to cattle aids performance and health. In the proposed study, a network of long-term controlled study sites will be established linking different research agencies and investigators across two agro-climatic regions (different soils, climate and vegetation types). By quantifying biochar dose in pasture grazing systems, new knowledge is generated on its effect on methane emissions, forage intake, cow performance and health, fecal nutrient cycling, rumen fermentation and pasture (grazing) costs. RESULTS WILL IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITIES TO ENHANCE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE BEEF INDUSTRY. INCLUDING BIOCHAR IN PASTURE SYSTEMS, NEW GRAZING STRATEGIES WOULD INCREASE ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF INDUSTRY FROM INCREASED PERFORMANCE, REDUCED ENERGY LOSS VIA EMISSIONS, AND A SMALLER ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINT. The importance of this project to the beef industry is evidenced by the fact that it has received financial support from industry including Saskatchewan Cattlemen's Association and Beef Cattle Research Council. This is extremely timely information for beef producers, to better understand and allow for valid and well researched responses.