Core A: Material Science Core

材料科学核心的基本目标是提供定义明确和专门设计的纳米颗粒(NPs)，使这三个研究项目的目标得以实现。尽管为任何生物学或毒理学研究准备材料并不一定是一项简单的任务，但确保用于生物学研究的工程纳米粒的物理化学性质和结构安排在实际使用中得到很好的确定是一项重大的挑战。人们越来越认识到，单个NPs可以通过分析方法改变，可以在不同的环境中改变结构或化学状态，并且可能随着时间的变化而改变。此外，颗粒和颗粒集合的性质受到聚集、杂质的存在和刻意的性质的影响 或不定涂层。因此，除了制备所需尺寸、组成和结构以及表面化学的纳米颗粒外，还必须在使用时确认颗粒的性质，并了解颗粒特性和颗粒分布在感兴趣的环境中如何随时间变化。三种不同的氧化物NPs，CeO_2，Fe_2O_3和SiO_2 被确定为生物学研究中要检查的“主要”粒子。材料科学研究团队的成员在这三种材料的NP型的合成和表征方面都有经验。我们在合成和表征所需尺寸(和尺寸)的颗粒方面的经验 将使用表面化学(或表面功能化)、组成和表面化学(或表面功能化)来实现核心的目标。该团队拥有设计和制备氧化物纳米颗粒的背景和经验，这将使PNNL U19计划能够实现他们的三个研究目标：目标1.合成和表征具有明确物理化学性质的生物研究所需的“初级”纳米颗粒。目的2.设计和合成用于生物环境中计数和跟踪的优化纳米粒。目的3.了解不同环境条件对原始和包覆纳米颗粒的FIME依赖性质的影响。

The essential objective of the Materials Science Core is to provide well defined and specifically designed nanoparticles (NPs) that allow the objectives of the three research projects to be addressed. Although materials preparafion for any biological or toxicological study is not necessarily a simple task, the challenges of assuring that the physicochemical properties and structural arrangement of engineered NPs used for biological studies are well established at the fime of actual use are significant. It is increasingly recognized that individual NPs can be altered by the method of analysis, can change structure or chemical state in different environments, and may change as a function of time. In addition, properties of particles and collections of particles are infiuenced by aggregation, the presence of impurities and the nature of deliberate or adventitious coatings. Therefore, in addition to preparing NPs of the desired size, composition and structure, and surface chemistry, it is essential to confirm the nature of the particles at the time of use and to have an understanding of how the particle properties and particle distributions vary with time in the environments of interest. Three different oxide NPs, cerium oxide (ceria), iron oxide, and silica have been identified as the 'primary' particles to be examined in the biological studies. Members ofthe Materials Science research team have experience with the synthesis and characterization of NPforms of these three materials. Our experience with the synthesis and characterization of particles of the desired size (and size distribution), composifion and surface chemistry (or surface functionalization) will be used to achieve the goals of the Core. The team has the background and experience to design and prepare oxide NPs that will enable the PNNL U19 Program to accomplish their three research objectives; Aim 1. Synthesize and characterize the 'primary' nanoparticles desired for biological studies with well defined physicochemical properties. Aim 2. Design and synthesis of nanoparticles optimized for counfing and tracking in biological environments. Aim 3. Understand the impact of different environmental conditions on the fime-dependent properties ofthe primary and coated nanoparticles.