Canada's contribution to Advanced Plasma Wake-field Acceleration Experiment at CERN

该提案寻求资金，使加拿大能够继续为高级韦克菲尔德实验合作作出贡献，这是一个等离子体韦克菲尔德加速实验，由欧洲核子研究中心的SPS同步加速器的质子束驱动，是世界上第一个此类实验。随着现有的大型加速器在技术和经济上都接近极限，下一代探索宇宙更精细结构的实验必须寻找新的方案来产生粒子束，例如通过等离子体中的诱导尾场来加速粒子。 与欧洲核子研究中心正在形成的测试设施合作的AWAKE项目在等离子体韦克菲尔德加速项目中是独一无二的，因为它选择质子作为驱动粒子。2013年形成的合作作为原理验证实验已经产生了丰富的成果。实验的第一轮产生了SPS质子束的自调制和外部注入电子的加速的发现。TRIUMF于2014年加入AWAKE合作项目，并为实验的成功做出了重要贡献。 该实验计划于2021年恢复运行2，并将延长到2028年以后。运行2的结果将使AWAKE合作能够考虑将实验方案首次应用于高能物理。目前正在进行必要的研发活动和工程设计，以执行合作框架规定的任务。 光束诊断在AWAKE项目中起着至关重要的作用。为了实验的成功，质子、电子和激光这三种光束必须在空间和时间上相互之间有明确的、可控的关系。在运行1期间遇到的主要问题之一是电子束轨迹的稳定性及其相对于质子聚束的位置。在两个数量级的质子强信号的存在下，电子位置测量是极其困难的。目前的工作正在进行中，以开发一种新的位置监测系统，在微波区执行这一任务。虽然监测器本身由CERN团队设计，但高频信号处理电子设备预计将由TRIUMF开发。在TRIUMF成功开发了第1次运行的诊断之后，合作要求TRIUMF集团为第2次运行开发新的光束位置监测系统。在本提案中，我们申请资金用于设计和建造两个微波束流位置监测器的数据采集系统，这对AWAKE实验的进一步成功至关重要（40.6k美元），并开发将实验扩展到运行2配置所需的新束流位置电子设备的原型（21.7k美元）。该提案将支持现有的SAP项目，并将使TRIUMF能够继续履行其在AWAKE合作框架内的义务。

This proposal seeks funding to allow Canada to continue its contribution to the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE) collaboration, a plasma wakefield acceleration experiment, driven by the proton beam from the CERN SPS synchrotron, the first of its kind world-wide. As existing large scale accelerators come closer to the limit both technologically and financially, the next generation of experiments probing ever finer structure of the universe must look for new schemes to produce particle beams, such as particle acceleration by induced wakefields in plasmas. The AWAKE collaboration, with test facilities taking shape at CERN, is unique among plasma wakefield acceleration projects in its selection of protons as driving particles. The collaboration formed in 2013 as a proof-of-principle experiment has already produced a wealth of results. Run 1 of the experiment yielded the discovery of Self-Modulation of the SPS proton bunch and acceleration of externally injected electrons. TRIUMF joined the AWAKE collaboration in 2014 and made its significant contribution to the success of the experiment. The experimental program resumed in 2021 with the Run 2 and will extend beyond 2028. The results of Run 2 will allow the AWAKE collaboration to contemplate first applications of the experimental scheme to high-energy physics. The required R&D activities and engineering design are currently underway to perform the tasks defined by the collaboration framework. Beam diagnostics plays an essential role in the AWAKE project. For the success of the experiment all three beams of proton, electron and laser, have to be in well-defined and controllable relations to each other in space and in time. One of the major problems encountered during Run 1 was the stability of the electron beam trajectory and its position relative to proton bunches. Electron position measurements in the presence of a two order of magnitude stronger signal from protons are extremely difficult. Presently the work is in progress to develop a novel position monitoring system operating in the microwave region to perform this task. While the monitor itself is designed by the CERN team, the high frequency signal processing electronics is expected to be developed by TRIUMF. Following the success of TRIUMF developed diagnostics for the Run 1, the collaboration requested the TRIUMF group to develop new beam position monitoring system for the Run 2. In this proposal we request funds to design and construct two data acquisition systems for microwave beam position monitors critical for further success of the AWAKE experiment ($40.6k) and to develop a prototype of new beam position electronics required for expanding the experiment to the Run 2 configuration ($21.7k). The proposal will support the existing SAP project which and will allow TRIUMF to continue fulfilling its obligations in the framework of the AWAKE collaboration.