Canada's contribution to Advanced Plasma Wake-field Experiment at CERN

该提案寻求资金，以便加拿大能够继续为高级韦克菲尔德实验合作作出贡献，这是一个等离子体韦克菲尔德加速实验，由欧洲核子研究中心同步加速器的400 GeV质子束驱动，是世界上第一个此类实验。随着现有的和计划中的大型加速器在技术和经济上接近于将现有的范式扩展到极限，下一代探索我们周围宇宙更精细结构的实验必须超越地平线，寻找新的方案来产生具有更大能量的粒子束，例如通过等离子体中的诱导韦克菲尔德来加速粒子。这种方案有望在几米的距离内产生TeV级的电子，从而使下一代高能物理实验在经济上可行。 在欧洲核子研究中心（CERN）建立了测试设施的“觉醒”实验，在等离子体韦克菲尔德加速项目中，选择质子作为驱动粒子是独一无二的。该合作于2013年作为原理验证实验形成，已经产生了丰富的结果，包括将外部注入的电子加速到GeV能级。该实验计划将于2021年恢复运行2，并延长到2028年以后。运行2的发现将允许AWAKE合作考虑将实验方案首次应用于高能物理。 作为加拿大的粒子和核物理实验室，TRIUMF显然有兴趣跟上推动能源前沿的前沿发展。TRIUMF于2014年加入AWAKE合作项目，并为实验的成功做出了贡献，包括电子束线仪器、等离子体单元的表征和新电子源的研究。 光束诊断在AWAKE实验中起着至关重要的作用。为了实验的成功，质子、电子和激光这三种光束必须在空间和时间上相互之间有明确的、可控的关系。在两个数量级的质子强信号的存在下，电子位置测量是极其困难的。目前，正在为此目的开发一种在微波区工作的独特位置监测系统。虽然监测器本身由CERN团队设计，但高频信号处理电子设备预计将由TRIUMF开发。随着运行2进入后续阶段，预计将有更多的TRIUMF参与。在本提案中，我们要求资金支持研究生或博士后研究员从事AWAKE光束诊断开发的各个方面，并要求提供旅行资金支持现有设备，参与新安装，实验运行和合作会议。

This proposal seeks funding to allow Canada to continue its contribution to the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE) collaboration, a plasma wakefield acceleration experiment, driven by the 400 GeV proton beam from the CERN SPS synchrotron, the first of its kind world-wide. As currently existing and planned large scale accelerators come closer to stretching the existing paradigm to the limit both technologically and financially, the next generation of experiments probing ever finer structure of the universe around us must look beyond the horizon for new schemes to produce particle beams with ever greater energy such as particle acceleration by induced wakefield in plasmas. Such schemes hold the promise of producing TeV scale electrons over a distance of meters, thus rendering the next generation high energy physics experiments economically viable. The AWAKE experiment, with test facilities taking shape at CERN, is unique among plasma wakefield acceleration projects in its selection of protons as the driving particles. The collaboration, formed in 2013 as a proof-of-principle experiment, has already produced a wealth of results including acceleration of externally injected electrons to the GeV energy level. The experimental program will resume in 2021 with Run 2 and extends beyond 2028. The findings of Run 2 will allow the AWAKE collaboration to contemplate first applications of the experimental scheme to high-energy physics. As Canada's particle and nuclear physics laboratory, TRIUMF has a manifest interest in keeping abreast of cutting edge developments in pushing the energy frontier. TRIUMF joined the AWAKE collaboration in 2014 and contributed to the success of the experiment with the instrumentation for the electron beam line, characterization of the plasma cell and studies of the new electron source. Beam diagnostics plays an essential role in the AWAKE experiment. For the success of the experiment all three beams of proton, electron and laser, have to be in well-defined and controllable relationships to each other in space and in time. Electron position measurements in the presence of a two order of magnitude stronger signal from protons are extremely difficult. Presently, the work is in progress to develop for this purpose a unique position monitoring system operating in the microwave region. While the monitor itself is designed by the CERN team, the high frequency signal processing electronics is expected to be developed by TRIUMF. As Run 2 proceeds to following stages more TRIUMF involvement is foreseen. In this proposal we request funds to support a graduate student or a postdoc fellow to work on various aspects of the AWAKE beam diagnostics development and travel funds to support the existing equipment, to participate in new installations, experimental runs and collaboration meetings This proposal is accompanied with an RTI application to support construction of the unique microwave beam position monitoring system.