SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES EXPOSURE IN HUMANS IN RURAL CAMEROON

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 艾滋病毒-1感染出现在50/60年前的中部非洲，感染来源是猿类(黑猩猩的SIVcpz)。至少发生了4起跨物种传播事件，产生了M、N、O和P群。所有4个HIV-1群在喀麦隆共同传播。艾滋病毒出现的机制尚不清楚。我们调查了喀麦隆农村地区采集的人类样本中存在SIV感染的证据。采集了1536名个体的血浆、细胞和配套的注射器洗涤液，用Define(Abbott)快速检测和Inno-Lia免疫印迹(Innogenology)作为筛查试验。所有在InnoLia中表现出反应性的样品都在SIV特异性多肽分析中进行了重新测试，该分析同时包含gp41和V3多肽。我们的结果证实了HIV-1 M组是喀麦隆的主要病毒形式。我们在不到5%的样本中发现了HIV-1 O组。有趣的是，3%的被测样品显示出抗SIV反应，而经检测为阴性的样品和InnoLia检测为不确定的样品显示出抗SIV反应。这些样品与SIVcpz、SIVrcm和SIVmnd-2多肽发生反应。所有样本的聚合酶链式反应均为阳性，提示在跨物种传播后SIV感染已被清除。综上所述，我们证明了SIV跨物种传播可能发生在HIV大流行的中心。然而，正如我们的结果所表明的，直接跨物种传播的病毒似乎被人类宿主清除了。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. HIV-1 infection emerged in Central Africa 50/60 years ago from a simian source (SIVcpz from chimpanzees). At least 4 cross-species transmission events have occurred, generating groups M, N, O and P. All 4 HIV-1 groups co-circulate in Cameroon. The mechanism of HIV emergence is unknown. We have investigated the evidence of SIV infections in samples collected from humans in rural Cameroon. Plasma, cells, and matched syringe washes were collected from 1536 individuals and tested by Determine (Abbott,) rapid test and Inno-Lia Immunoblot (Innogenetics) as screening tests. All the samples showing reactivities in InnoLia were retested in an SIV specific peptide assay which contains both gp41 and V3 peptides. Our results confirmed that HIV-1 group M is the main viral form in Cameroon. We have identified HIV-1 group O in less than 5% of samples. Interestingly 3% of the tested samples, while negative by determine and indeterminate by InnoLia showed anti-SIV reactivities. These samples reacted with SIVcpz, SIVrcm and SIVmnd-2 peptides. None of these samples were positive by PCR suggesting the clearance of SIV infection after cross-species transmission. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that cross-species transmission of SIV to humans may occur in the epicenters of HIV pandemic. However, as suggested by our results, direct cross-species transmitted viruses appear to be cleared by the human host.