Polycomb-mediated heterochromatin formation in Tetrahymena

描述（由申请人提供）：Polycomb组（PcG）蛋白是转录抑制的重要表观遗传调节因子，长期以来一直在积极研究其在果蝇和哺乳动物系统中的Hox基因调节、X-失活和肿瘤发生中的作用。最近的研究发现，PcG蛋白是保守的四膜虫，使人们有可能解决一些基本机制的Polycomb镇压与强大的遗传和生化工具，可在单细胞模型系统。发育调控的异染色质形成发生在四膜虫的生殖细胞-体细胞分化过程中。已经确定这是RNAi依赖性PcG介导的途径。拟议的研究将探索PcG蛋白被RNAi机制招募的机制，这一机制可能在高等真核生物中保守。我们还将研究H3 K27甲基化和H2 A泛素化之间的潜在串扰，这两个保守的表观遗传标记由PcG蛋白沉积。特别是，我们将评估它们在转录抑制中的协同功能，并探讨其潜在机制。这些研究将大大提高我们对PcG蛋白在基因组组织和转录抑制中功能的认识。鉴于PcG蛋白在干细胞多能性、细胞分化和细胞恶性肿瘤中起着关键作用，拟议的研究也将对公共卫生产生重要影响，包括疾病诊断和治疗。该项目符合国家普通医学研究所的使命，五年期预算为1 250 000美元。 公共卫生相关性： Polycomb组蛋白参与干细胞多能性、细胞分化和细胞恶性肿瘤。这些研究将大大推进我们对潜在机制的认识，特别是PcG蛋白在基因组组织和基因阻遏中的功能。这将对公共卫生，包括疾病诊断和治疗产生重要影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are important epigenetic regulators of transcription repression and have long been under active investigation for their roles in Hox gene regulation, X-inactivation, and tumorigenesis in Drosophila and mammalian systems. Recent findings that PcG proteins are conserved in Tetrahymena make it possible to address some of the fundamental mechanisms of Polycomb repression with powerful genetic and biochemical tools available in the unicellular model system. Developmentally regulated heterochromatin formation occurs during the germline-somatic differentiation in Tetrahymena. It has been established that this is an RNAi-dependent PcG-mediated pathway. The proposed studies will explore the mechanism by which the PcG proteins are recruited by RNAi machinery, a mechanism likely to be conserved in higher eukaryotes. We will also examine the potential crosstalk between H3K27 methylation and H2A ubiquitylation, two conserved epigenetic marks deposited by PcG proteins. In particular, we will assess their concerted functions in transcription repression and probe the underlying mechanism. The proposed studies will significantly advance our knowledge for the function of PcG proteins in genome organization and transcription repression. Given that PcG proteins play critical roles in stem cell pluripotency, cell differentiation, and cell malignancy, the proposed studies will also have important implications in public health, including disease diagnosis and treatment. The project matches with the mission of the National Institute of General Medical Science (NIGMS) and is budgeted at $1,250,000 for a five-year period. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Project Narrative Polycomb group proteins are involved in stem cell pluripotency, cell differentiation, and cell malignancy. The proposed studies will significantly advance our knowledge for the underlying mechanism, particularly the function of PcG proteins in genome organization and gene repression. This will have important implications in public health, including disease diagnosis and treatment.