TARGETED siRNA DELIVERY AS AN ANTI-HIV MICROBICIDE

靶向 siRNA 递送作为抗 HIV 杀菌剂

• 批准号: 8071962
• 负责人: Derek Michael Dykxhoorn
• 金额: $ 17.63万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-15 至 2012-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8071962
• 关键词: Anti-Retroviral Agents; Antibodies; Biological Models; CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes; Cell Line; Cell physiology; Cells; Clinical; Complement; Cytoplasm; Dendritic Cells; Dependency; Development; Disease; Drug Delivery Systems; Ensure; Event; Exploratory/Developmental Grants Phase II; Gene Silencing; Gene Silencing Pathway; Gene Targeting; Genes; Genetic Materials; Genome; HIV; HIV Long Terminal Repeat; HIV vaccine; HIV-1; Heterogeneity; Heterosexuals; Immune system; Immunity; Individual; Infection; Infection prevention; Integration Host Factors; Integrins; Left; Life Cycle Stages; Lipids; Liposomes; Lymphocyte; Mammalian Cell; Mediating; Methods; Mucous Membrane; Mutate; Opportunistic Infections; Phase; Prevention; Process; Production; Proteins; RNA Interference; Reagent; Research; Safety; Satellite Viruses; Screening procedure; Sexual Transmission; Small Interfering RNA; Small RNA; Staging; Structure; Subfamily lentivirinae; Surface; System; T-Lymphocyte; Testing; Therapeutic; Topical application; Vaccines; Vagina; Viral; Viral Genome; Virion; Virus; Virus Diseases; Virus Integration; Virus Replication; base; cell type; clinical application; efficacy testing; gene function; gene therapy; in vitro testing; in vivo; interest; macrophage; microbicide; mouse model; nanoparticle; novel; novel therapeutics; pathogen; pre-clinical; prevent; research study; therapeutic gene; therapeutic target; tissue culture; tool; transmission process; uptake; viral RNA

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a highly lethal lentivirus which over a protracted course destroys the host's adaptive immune system leaving them vulnerable to numerous opportunistic infections. Unlike most viruses whose genome replicates independently of the host cell's genome, the HIV-1 genome integrates into and is replicated with the host genetic material. Therefore, even if therapeutic approaches can inhibit new virus production, the viral genome remains intact and competent. Therefore, strategies that can prevent the uptake and integration of the virus would be of tremendous clinical value. The vast majority of HIV infections occur as a consequence of viral transmission through mucosal surfaces, such as the vaginal mucosa. The delivery of siRNAs that specifically silence host factors required for early events in the HIV life cycle to lymphocytes in the vaginal mucosa could prove to be an effective means of protecting individuals from HIV infection and serve as a potential microbicide. One of the main challenges facing the clinical application of siRNAs as a genetic therapy is the ability to delivery siRNAs to the cytoplasm of the appropriate target cell types. We have recently developed a novel lipid nanoparticle that is coated with an antibody recognizing the integrin molecule LFA-1 which is broadly expressed on lymphocytes. These immuno-nanoparticles will be used to deliver siRNAs to lymphocytes present in the vaginal mucosa of humanized mouse models of HIV. Given the high level of sequence heterogeneity, the propensity of HIV-1 to mutate and the inability of anti-HIV siRNAs to target the incoming viral RNA genome and prevent integration, alternative therapeutic targets are required to prevent the transmission of HIV. Host factors that are necessary for early events in the HIV lifecycle but are dispensable for cellular functioning could prove to be an effective therapeutic alternative. Using a high-throughput RNA interference-based screening platform, we have identified a large number of potential therapeutic targets that could serve to inhibit HIV integration when silenced. However, these factors require extensive analysis and characterization to ensure their safety and efficacy. We will be combining the LFA-1-mediated cell-type specific vehicle to introduce siRNAs targeting therapeutically relevant host factors as a potential means to inhibit viral infection in humanized mouse models of HIV. These experiments will provide the preclinical groundwork necessary for the development of an effective RNAi-based anti-HIV microbicide. Heterosexual transmission is the leading cause of new HIV infections in the world. A microbicide providing true intracellular immunity would make a significant contribution to controlling the spread of this deadly virus.

描述（由申请人提供）：人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）是一种高度致命的慢病毒，它会在长期过程中破坏宿主的适应性免疫系统，使他们容易受到许多机会性感染。与大多数病毒的基因组复制独立于宿主细胞基因组的情况不同，HIV-1基因组整合到宿主遗传物质中并与宿主遗传物质一起复制。因此，即使治疗方法可以抑制新病毒的产生，病毒基因组仍然保持完整和有能力。因此，能够阻止病毒摄取和整合的策略将具有巨大的临床价值。绝大多数艾滋病毒感染是病毒通过粘膜表面（例如阴道粘膜）传播的结果。将特异性沉默 HIV 生命周期早期事件所需的宿主因子的 siRNA 递送至阴道粘膜中的淋巴细胞，可能被证明是保护个体免受 HIV 感染的有效手段，并可作为潜在的杀微生物剂。 siRNA 作为基因疗法临床应用面临的主要挑战之一是将 siRNA 递送至适当靶细胞类型的细胞质的能力。我们最近开发了一种新型脂质纳米颗粒，该颗粒涂有抗体，该抗体可识别广泛表达于淋巴细胞的整合素分子 LFA-1。这些免疫纳米颗粒将用于将 siRNA 递送至 HIV 人源化小鼠模型阴道粘膜中的淋巴细胞。鉴于高度的序列异质性、HIV-1 的突变倾向以及抗 HIV siRNA 无法靶向传入的病毒 RNA 基因组并阻止整合，因此需要替代治疗靶点来预防 HIV 传播。 HIV生命周期早期事件所必需的宿主因子对于细胞功能来说是可有可无的，这可能被证明是一种有效的治疗替代方案。使用基于高通量 RNA 干扰的筛选平台，我们已经确定了大量潜在的治疗靶点，这些靶点可以在沉默时抑制 HIV 整合。然而，这些因素需要进行广泛的分析和表征，以确保其安全性和有效性。我们将结合 LFA-1 介导的细胞类型特异性载体，引入针对治疗相关宿主因子的 siRNA，作为抑制 HIV 人源化小鼠模型中病毒感染的潜在手段。这些实验将为开发有效的基于 RNAi 的抗 HIV 杀菌剂提供必要的临床前基础。异性传播是世界上新发艾滋病毒感染的主要原因。提供真正细胞内免疫的杀微生物剂将为控制这种致命病毒的传播做出重大贡献。