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Decoding temporal features of speech in the auditory system using fMRI

使用功能磁共振成像解码听觉系统中语音的时间特征

基本信息

批准号：
8070496
负责人：
Daniel Arthur Abrams
金额：
$ 5.13万
依托单位：
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-07-01 至 2012-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Temporal features in the speech signal are essential for normal speech perception in most languages. Nevertheless, the neuroanatomical basis for decoding temporal elements of speech in the human auditory system remains elusive. The primary goal of the proposed work is to test an influential hypothesis that describes how the central auditory system decodes two perceptually-relevant ranges of temporal modulations in speech: temporal modulations in the range of 150-300 msec and 20-50 msec. To this end, we will employ novel and powerful methods for probing central auditory function using functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In one experiment, functional MRI will measure brain responses to speech stimuli that vary in these two temporal modulation ranges to identify neuroanatomical "fingerprints" associated with specific temporal features in speech. A second fMRI experiment will measure brain responses to speech sounds that vary according to rapidly changing spectral features to identify neuroanatomical structures underlying the discrimination of stop-consonant phonemes. Results will provide important knowledge regarding the structure and function of the human auditory system, and will further elucidate the biological bases of speech and language. These data will provide an essential foundation for studying populations who suffer from auditory temporal deficits associated with speech and language function, including reading-impaired and elderly individuals. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Properly hearing the "timing" of events in speech is critical for speech understanding, and here we seek to understand how the brain is able to efficiently sort-out timing information in speech. This is an important question since auditory timing deficits have been seen in clinical populations with hearing and language impairments, including elderly and reading-impaired individuals. Understanding how the healthy brain sorts-out auditory timing information will help us understand brain deficits in these clinical populations.

描述（由申请人提供）：语音信号中的时间特征对于大多数语言中的正常语音感知是必不可少的。然而，在人类听觉系统中解码语音的时间元素的神经解剖学基础仍然难以捉摸。所提出的工作的主要目标是测试一个有影响力的假设，该假设描述了中央听觉系统如何解码两个感知相关的范围内的时间调制的语音：时间调制的范围为150-300毫秒和20-50毫秒。为此，我们将采用新的和强大的方法来探测中央听觉功能，使用功能性磁共振成像（MRI）。在一个实验中，功能性MRI将测量大脑对在这两个时间调制范围内变化的语音刺激的反应，以识别与语音中特定时间特征相关的神经解剖学“指纹”。第二个功能性磁共振成像实验将测量大脑对语音的反应，这些语音根据快速变化的频谱特征而变化，以识别区分塞音音素的神经解剖结构。研究结果将为人类听觉系统的结构和功能提供重要的知识，并将进一步阐明语音和语言的生物学基础。这些数据将为研究患有与言语和语言功能相关的听觉时间缺陷的人群（包括阅读障碍者和老年人）提供必要的基础。公共卫生关系：正确地听到语音中事件的“时间”对于语音理解至关重要，在这里，我们试图了解大脑如何能够有效地整理出语音中的时间信息。这是一个重要的问题，因为听觉时间缺陷已被视为在临床人群的听力和语言障碍，包括老年人和阅读障碍的个人。了解健康的大脑如何整理听觉计时信息将帮助我们了解这些临床人群的大脑缺陷。