Mathematical Models of Working Memory Processes in Externalizing Psychopathology

外化精神病理学中工作记忆过程的数学模型

• 批准号: 8065326
• 负责人: Michael J Endres
• 金额: $ 3.91万
• 依托单位: TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8065326
• 关键词: Accidents; Accounting; Address; Adult; Affect; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Avoidance Learning; Behavior; Behavioral; Childhood; Clinical; Clinical Research; Cognitive; Conduct Disorder; Constitutional; Data Analyses; Diagnosis; Discrimination; Discrimination Learning; Disease susceptibility; Disinhibition; Emotions; Empirical Research; Environmental Risk Factor; Equation; Ethics; Exhibits; Friends; Future; Goals; Human; Hypersensitivity; Imprisonment; Impulsivity; Individual; Injury; Interpersonal Violence; Intervention; Investigation; Laboratories; Lead; Learning; Link; Maintenance; Measures; Mediating; Memory; Mental disorders; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Neurocognitive; Neurosciences; Outcome; Performance; Personality Traits; Persons; Play; Process; Psychopathology; Punishment; Recording of previous events; Research; Retrieval; Rewards; Role; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Source; Speed; Support System; System; Technology; Testing; Time; Training; Translational Research; Validation; Visuospatial; Work; alcohol and other drug; analytical tool; anti social; approach behavior; brain behavior; cost; design; early onset; expectation; experience; improved; information processing; mathematical model; memory process; motivational processes; neglect; novel; phonology; preference; programs; remediation; response; social; theories; trafficking; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Externalizing (EXT) psychopathology (Krueger et al., 2002) encompasses various domains of commonly co- occurring psychiatric disorders, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, childhood oppositional defiance/conduct disorder, and adult criminal deviance; it also reflects a constellation of disinhibited personality traits related to antisociality/unconventionality, affect/emotion dysregulation, and impulsivity/poor behavioral constraint (Bogg & Finn, 2009; Gorenstein & Newman, 1980; Krueger, 2002). Although the individual and societal costs of EXT psychopathology are well known, much remains unknown with regard to which cognitive and motivational processes are etiologic mechanisms in EXT psychopathology. Ideally, a full understanding of the causal mechanisms in EXT psychopathology would lead to more empirically-informed ways to diagnose, predict, and ameliorate this significant and wide reaching source of human suffering. Towards this end, recent empirical research suggest reduced attentional control and short-term activation in working memory (WM) are intermediate mechanisms in the neglect of future consequences, preference for immediate gratification, and poor passive avoidance tendencies associated with persistent EXT psychopathology (Finn, 2002; Endres et al., under review). Moreover, recent clinical findings suggest attention and WM training paradigms are viable interventions for early onset EXT psychopathology (e.g., Klingberg et al., 2002). The proposed study builds on this work by developing mathematically rigorous experimental and analytical tools for determining the role that reduced WM maintenance capacity and retrieval efficiency (i.e., "how much" and "how fast" information can be used to reliably guide behavior) plays in the maladaptive approach-avoidance tendencies (i.e., hypersensitivity to reward and hyposensitivity to punishment) associated with early onset and persistent EXT psychopathology. The proposed study will add to existing theoretical, empirical, and clinical research via three specific aims. The first is by using System Factorial Technology (Townsend & Nozawa, 1995) as a mathematical framework for modeling the association between EXT psychopathology and reduced controlled attention and short-term activation processes in WM. The second is by using Decision Field Theory (Townsend & Busemeyer, 1993, 1992) as a mathematical framework for modeling the effects of cognitive load on the association between EXT psychopathology and difficulty discriminating approach-avoidance signals, modulating approach-avoidance responses, and deliberating over approach-avoidance decisions. The third is by using structural equations modeling to determine whether the effects of cognitive load on the association between EXT psychopathology and approach-avoidance tendencies are mediated by controlled attention and short-term activation processes in WM. Overall, the proposed study represents an important step in a program of research aimed at elucidating and intervening on the intermediate neurocognive and neuroaffective mechanisms that underlie a persons' unique constitutional and environmental risk for an early onset and persistent course of EXT psychopathology. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: In line with NIMH's strategic object 1.4, the proposed study attempts to develop, validate, and disseminate more mathematically rigorous methodologies for assessing those cognitive and motivational mechanisms that are putative markers of etiologic vulnerability to externalizing psychopathology. Because laboratory tasks will be needed in future investigations into which brain-behavior systems support both vulnerability to and protection against the onset and persistence of externalizing psychopathology, mathematical models of performance on these task will be an important means to link dimensional models of EXT psychopathology together with neuroscience methods. In this way, the technologies developed and tested in the PS could eventually lead to more individualized and empirically-informed ways to diagnose, predict, and ameliorate mental illness, in general, and externalizing psychopathology, in particular.

描述（由申请人提供）：外化（EXT）精神病理学（Krueger等人，2002）涵盖了各种常见的精神障碍，包括注意力缺陷/多动障碍、儿童期对立违抗/行为障碍和成年期犯罪偏差;它还反映了一系列与反社会/非传统、情感/情绪失调和冲动/行为约束不良有关的去抑制人格特征。（Bogg & Finn，2009; Gorenstein &纽曼，1980;克鲁格，2002）。虽然EXT精神病理学的个体和社会成本是众所周知的，但关于哪些认知和动机过程是EXT精神病理学的病因机制仍有很多未知之处。理想情况下，对EXT精神病理学中因果机制的充分理解将导致更准确的诊断方法，预测和改善人类痛苦的重要和广泛的来源。为此，最近的实证研究表明，工作记忆（WM）中的注意力控制减少和短期激活是忽视未来后果、偏好立即满足和与持续性EXT精神病理学相关的不良被动回避倾向的中间机制（Finn，2002; Endres等人，审查中）。此外，最近的临床研究结果表明，注意力和WM训练范式是早期发作EXT精神病理学的可行干预措施（例如，克林贝格等人，2002年）。拟议的研究建立在这项工作的基础上，通过开发数学上严格的实验和分析工具来确定降低WM维持能力和检索效率的作用（即，“多少”和“多快”信息可用于可靠地指导行为）在适应不良的接近-回避倾向中起作用（即，对奖励的敏感性和对惩罚的低敏感性）与早期发作和持续性EXT精神病理学有关。拟议的研究将通过三个具体目标增加现有的理论，实证和临床研究。第一种是使用系统因子技术（汤森和野泽，1995年）作为一个数学框架，用于模拟EXT精神病理学与WM中控制性注意力减少和短期激活过程之间的关联。第二种是通过使用决策场理论（汤森和Busemeyer，1993年，1992年）作为一个数学框架建模的影响EXT精神病理学和困难之间的关联区分接近回避信号，调制接近回避反应，并审议接近回避决定。第三是通过使用结构方程模型来确定是否控制注意和WM的短期激活过程介导的认知负荷的影响EXT的精神病理学和接近-回避倾向之间的关联。总的来说，这项拟议的研究代表了一项研究计划的重要一步，该研究计划旨在阐明和干预中间神经认知和神经情感机制，这些机制是一个人早期发病和持续性EXT精神病理学过程的独特体质和环境风险的基础。 公共卫生相关性：根据NIMH的战略目标1.4，拟议的研究试图开发，验证和传播更严格的数学方法来评估这些认知和动机机制，这些机制是假定的标志物的病因脆弱性外化精神病理学。由于实验室任务将需要在未来的调查，大脑行为系统支持的脆弱性和保护对发病和持久性的外化精神病理学，数学模型的性能对这些任务将是一个重要的手段，连接维度模型的EXT精神病理学与神经科学方法。通过这种方式，在PS中开发和测试的技术最终可能会导致更个性化和更明智的方法来诊断，预测和改善精神疾病，特别是精神病理学。