Estimating Dioxin Exposure from Indoor Woodsmoke and the Burning of Plastics
估算室内木烟和塑料燃烧中的二恶英暴露量
基本信息
- 批准号:8064789
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 7.6万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:2010
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2010-05-01 至 2014-04-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:AreaBiomassBreathingBurn injuryChemicalsDataDatabasesDioxinsExposure toFire - disastersFuransGasesGoalsGuatemalaGuatemalanHeatingHouseholdIndoor Air PollutionIndustrial WasteIntakeInternationalInterventionMeasuresNational Research CouncilParticulateParticulate MatterPatient Self-ReportPersonsPhasePlasticsPoisonPopulationPovertyProcessRefuse DisposalResearchResearch PersonnelRiskRuralSamplingScienceSeriesSeveritiesSiteSmokeSolidSurveysTechniquesTimeWomanWood materialbasecookingexposed human populationimprovedmanpollutantpublic health relevanceresearch studysuccess
项目摘要
DESCRIPTION (provided by investigator): Wood for cooking, and heating is an essential fuel to a large portion of world's population. Often cooking and space heating occurs on inefficient unvented stoves indoors exposing many to very high concentrations of wood smoke. The components of the smoke include hundreds of compounds created from incomplete combustion, many of which are toxic and even carcinogenic. Dioxins and furans, some of the most toxic substances in the world, are formed in wood combustion along with the other hundreds of compounds. The concentrations of dioxins emitted from a wood fire are lower than those from an industrial waste process when compared on a dioxin/furan per unit fuel mass basis. However an estimation of the actual quantity of dioxins/furans inhaled by a person in a kitchen cooking over an open fire is much higher. A rough estimation of the daily intake fraction of a woman, who cooks over an open fire yielded an intake that was in the range of international limits for dioxins and furans. We have been studying the impacts of indoor wood smoke from cooking for the past eight years in the rural highlands of Guatemala. This research has provided a wealth of information about the impacts of wood smoke and the success of an improved stove as an intervention. During the time spent in Guatemala we have noticed the practice of adding plastic to a fire as means of waste disposal as trash disposal is not available in such poor areas. The practice of burning trash is commonplace worldwide, especially in poor areas already burned with indoor biomass smoke. The addition of plastic may increase the concentrations of dioxins creating an even larger exposure to extremely toxic compounds. In order to better estimate the order of magnitude of the risk from dioxin exposure due to wood and plastic smoke we will quantify the concentrations of dioxins. We will first conduct a series of lab based chamber experiments to perfect a field sampling technique, as well as the chemical analysis. Then we will measure dioxin concentrations in a typical Guatemalan village kitchen from both wood and plastic combustion at varying ratios. Using this data and surveys on plastic burning along with kitchen particulate matter concentrations, and personal exposures to indoor air pollution collected from our two previous research studies in the same area, we will estimate dioxin exposure from wood smoke and the possibly increased concentrations from plastic burning. This study will provide a more accurate estimate of dioxin exposure from wood and plastic combustion, and possibly highlight an exposure to a large population of a extremely toxic pollutant.
PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Dioxins are considered to be one of the most dangerous chemical known to man. Quantifying exposures from wood and plastic smoke associated with indoor cooking may reveal a large previously unmeasured exposure to people already burdened with the severity of poverty.
描述(由调查人员提供):用于烹饪和取暖的木材是世界上很大一部分人口必不可少的燃料。烹饪和空间加热通常是在室内效率低下的无通风炉灶上进行的,使许多人暴露在高浓度的木材烟雾中。烟雾的成分包括数百种不完全燃烧产生的化合物,其中许多是有毒的,甚至是致癌的。二恶英和呋喃是世界上毒性最强的物质,它们与其他数百种化合物一起在木材燃烧中形成。以每单位燃料质量的二恶英/呋喃为基础进行比较,柴火排放的二恶英浓度低于工业废物处理的二恶英浓度。然而,一个人在厨房明火上烹饪时吸入二恶英/呋喃的实际量的估计要高得多。对一名在明火上做饭的妇女每日摄入的二恶英和呋喃的粗略估计得出的摄入量在国际限制范围内。在过去的八年里,我们一直在研究危地马拉农村高地烹饪产生的室内木材烟雾的影响。这项研究提供了丰富的信息,关于木材烟雾的影响和改进炉灶作为干预的成功。在危地马拉期间,我们注意到在火中加入塑料作为废物处理手段的做法,因为在这些贫困地区没有垃圾处理设施。焚烧垃圾的做法在世界各地都很普遍,特别是在已经使用室内生物质烟雾燃烧的贫困地区。塑料的加入可能会增加二恶英的浓度,使人们更容易接触到剧毒化合物。为了更好地估计由于木材和塑料烟雾造成的二恶英暴露风险的数量级,我们将对二恶英的浓度进行量化。我们将首先进行一系列基于实验室的室内实验,以完善现场采样技术,以及化学分析。然后,我们将测量一个典型的危地马拉村庄厨房中不同比例的木材和塑料燃烧产生的二恶英浓度。利用这些数据和对塑料燃烧以及厨房颗粒物浓度的调查,以及从我们之前在同一地区进行的两次研究中收集的室内空气污染的个人暴露,我们将估计木材烟雾暴露的二恶英以及塑料燃烧可能增加的浓度。这项研究将对木材和塑料燃烧产生的二恶英暴露量提供更准确的估计,并可能突出暴露于一种剧毒污染物的大量人群。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
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KIRK R SMITH其他文献
KIRK R SMITH的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('KIRK R SMITH', 18)}}的其他基金
Estimating Dioxin Exposure from Indoor Woodsmoke and the Burning of Plastics
估算室内木烟和塑料燃烧中的二恶英暴露量
- 批准号:
7772754 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 7.6万 - 项目类别:
INDOOR AIR POLLUTION AND CHILD ARI: A RANDOMIZED TRIAL
室内空气污染与儿童急性呼吸道感染:随机试验
- 批准号:
6635499 - 财政年份:2001
- 资助金额:
$ 7.6万 - 项目类别:
Chronic respiratory effects of early life PM exposure
生命早期接触 PM 的慢性呼吸系统影响
- 批准号:
7482654 - 财政年份:2001
- 资助金额:
$ 7.6万 - 项目类别:
Chronic respiratory effects of early life PM exposure
生命早期接触 PM 的慢性呼吸系统影响
- 批准号:
7124234 - 财政年份:2001
- 资助金额:
$ 7.6万 - 项目类别:
INDOOR AIR POLLUTION AND CHILD ARI: A RANDOMIZED TRIAL
室内空气污染与儿童急性呼吸道感染:随机试验
- 批准号:
6754538 - 财政年份:2001
- 资助金额:
$ 7.6万 - 项目类别:
Chronic respiratory effects of early life PM exposure
生命早期接触 PM 的慢性呼吸系统影响
- 批准号:
7484174 - 财政年份:2001
- 资助金额:
$ 7.6万 - 项目类别:
Chronic respiratory effects of early life PM exposure
生命早期接触 PM 的慢性呼吸系统影响
- 批准号:
7281255 - 财政年份:2001
- 资助金额:
$ 7.6万 - 项目类别:
Chronic respiratory effects of early life PM exposure
生命早期接触 PM 的慢性呼吸系统影响
- 批准号:
6904198 - 财政年份:2001
- 资助金额:
$ 7.6万 - 项目类别:
INDOOR AIR POLLUTION AND CHILD ARI: A RANDOMIZED TRIAL
室内空气污染与儿童急性呼吸道感染:随机试验
- 批准号:
6266210 - 财政年份:2001
- 资助金额:
$ 7.6万 - 项目类别:
INDOOR AIR POLLUTION AND CHILD ARI: A RANDOMIZED TRIAL
室内空气污染与儿童急性呼吸道感染:随机试验
- 批准号:
6518160 - 财政年份:2001
- 资助金额:
$ 7.6万 - 项目类别:
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