Molecular Archeology of HIV

HIV分子考古学

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    8209790
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 30.14万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2011-07-01 至 2015-06-30
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Because retroviruses like HIV-1 evolve so rapidly, viral genetic sequences retrieved from just a few decades before present are effectively molecular 'fossils'. Such fossil sequences can be used to provide indisputable evidence of the existence of a given microbe at an early time point, to validate historical inferences that could otherwise not be tested, and to provide insight into the current evolution and dynamics of the AIDS pandemic. They light up portions of the deep past that would otherwise be lost, and can provide the means to test important hypotheses about the origins, pathogenesis, adaptation, spread, persistence, and transmission dynamics of medically important viruses. The battle to control HIV requires the best possible understanding of its current genetic diversity, and such understanding can best be achieved by viewing contemporary gene sequences in the context of historical genetic variation. With just a handful of exceptions, the 'molecular archeology' perspective has to date not been exploited with respect to HIV-1 group M, the focus of this proposal. The overarching aim of this project is to make a comprehensive and integrated effort to understand the future of HIV-1 group M by recovering then analyzing information gleaned from its past. To accomplish this we will aim 1. to use archival specimens from the 1970s to uncover the history of the origin and emergence of HIV-1 in North America; 2. to recover and analyze near- full-length envelope gene and, if possible, genomic HIV-1 sequence from multiple paraffin- embedded tissue samples from the 1960 and perhaps earlier; 3. to investigate the early genetic diversity of HIV-1 group M in central Africa and how it informs understanding of the current genetic diversity in this important region by screening large numbers of archival samples for HIV-1 and conducting sequence and phylogenetic analyses on the resulting data set. Crucially, we have assembled a massive collection of archival specimens, many from sources that have not yet been widely considered in the field of HIV research, with which we will illuminate the remarkably unstudied early phase of HIV evolution (from around the time of the discovery of AIDS, back to 1960s and perhaps even earlier) right up to the present day. Our expertise and track record make us uniquely positioned to conduct this important research. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This work is relevant to public health since it is concerned with the natural history of HIV/AIDS: how the AIDS pandemic originated, spread, and evolved up to and including the present day. It will provide understanding of the past and present genetic diversity and dynamics of HIV-1 group M and may thus be of use in controlling the current pandemic and preventing future jumps of AIDS viruses into humans.
描述(由申请人提供):由于像 HIV-1 这样的逆转录病毒进化得如此之快,因此从几十年前检索到的病毒​​基因序列实际上是分子“化石”。此类化石序列可用于提供特定微生物在早期存在的无可争议的证据,验证否则无法测试的历史推论,并提供对艾滋病大流行当前演变和动态的深入了解。它们照亮了原本会丢失的部分遥远的过去,并可以提供测试有关医学上重要病毒的起源、发病机制、适应、传播、持久性和传播动力学的重要假设的手段。控制艾滋病毒的斗争需要尽可能地了解其当前的遗传多样性,而这种理解最好通过在历史遗传变异的背景下观察当代基因序列来实现。除了少数例外,迄今为止,“分子考古学”的观点尚未应用于 HIV-1 M 组(本提案的重点)。该项目的首要目标是通过恢复并分析从过去收集的信息,做出全面、综合的努力,以了解 HIV-1 M 组的未来。为了实现这一目标,我们的目标是 1. 使用 20 世纪 70 年代的档案标本来揭示 HIV-1 在北美的起源和出现的历史; 2. 从 1960 年或更早的多个石蜡包埋组织样本中恢复和分析接近全长的包膜基因,如果可能的话,恢复和分析基因组 HIV-1 序列; 3. 通过筛选大量 HIV-1 档案样本并对所得数据集进行序列和系统发育分析,调查中部非洲 HIV-1 M 组的早期遗传多样性,以及它如何帮助了解这一重要地区当前的遗传多样性。至关重要的是,我们收集了大量的档案样本,其中许多来自艾滋病毒研究领域尚未得到广泛考虑的来源,我们将通过这些样本阐明艾滋病毒进化的非常未经研究的早期阶段(从艾滋病发现前后,到 1960 年代,甚至更早)直到今天。我们的专业知识和业绩记录使我们具有独特的优势来开展这项重要的研究。 公共卫生相关性:这项工作与公共卫生相关,因为它涉及艾滋病毒/艾滋病的自然史:艾滋病流行是如何起源、传播和演变至今的。它将提供对HIV-1 M组过去和现在的遗传多样性和动态的了解,因此可能有助于控制当前的流行病并防止艾滋病病毒未来传播到人类身上。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(1)

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MICHAEL WOROBEY其他文献

MICHAEL WOROBEY的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('MICHAEL WOROBEY', 18)}}的其他基金

Molecular Archeology of HIV
HIV分子考古学
  • 批准号:
    8281416
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 30.14万
  • 项目类别:
Molecular Archeology of HIV
HIV分子考古学
  • 批准号:
    8489101
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 30.14万
  • 项目类别:
Molecular Archeology of HIV
HIV分子考古学
  • 批准号:
    8681301
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 30.14万
  • 项目类别:
Molecular Archeology of HIV
HIV分子考古学
  • 批准号:
    8066501
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 30.14万
  • 项目类别:
The Emergence of HIV: A Molecular Archeology Approach
HIV 的出现:分子考古学方法
  • 批准号:
    7140582
  • 财政年份:
    2005
  • 资助金额:
    $ 30.14万
  • 项目类别:
The Emergence of HIV: A Molecular Archeology Approach
HIV 的出现:分子考古学方法
  • 批准号:
    7005970
  • 财政年份:
    2005
  • 资助金额:
    $ 30.14万
  • 项目类别:

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