Child & Adolescent Risk Factors for Young Adult Alcohol Problems

描述（由申请人提供）：这一竞争更新申请的总体目标是利用来自“青少年项目”的纵向数据，研究儿童和青少年预测因素与年轻人酒精使用和问题之间的联系，该项目是一个社区样本，其中452名欧裔美国人和非裔美国人8岁和10岁的儿童及其家庭，随机选择来自阿勒格尼县（PA）。到资助的第10年结束时，将在两个年龄组收集14波数据，其中较年轻的年龄组为8-16岁，较年长的年龄组为10-18岁。这项更新将支持收集18岁的年轻队列数据和21岁的两个年龄队列数据。从青少年到青少年项目的独特之处在于它对酒精特异性和一般风险因素的发展的关注，这些因素是早期开始饮酒和从童年中期到青春期中期升级为饮酒问题的风险因素。本研究的理论框架是问题行为理论（PBT: Jessor & Jessor, 1977），我们将其延伸到童年中期，并扩大到更多地关注父母和同伴的社会环境及其对社会化的影响。此外，反映行为失控、消极情绪、气质和酒精问题家族史的变量被纳入纵向评估。留存率非常高。截至第12波，85%的原始样本（452个家庭中的384个）仍在参与。13波和14波正在进行中。具体目标如下：1)描述从童年中期到成年早期酒精特异性和一般风险因素的发展轨迹，比较早发饮酒者（14岁或以下）、晚发饮酒者（15岁以上）和从不饮酒者的轨迹；2)利用21岁年龄数据，对比年轻成人早发性饮酒与晚发性饮酒的后果；3)将PBT的人格、社会环境和行为变量以及在青少年阶段收集到的其他变量作为青少年酒精使用和酒精使用障碍（AUD）结局的前瞻性前因预测因子；4)研究青少年至青年期酒精涉入与问题行为理论中反映问题行为倾向的潜在构念、反映行为欠控制和负性情感的构念的增长之间的关系。这些研究目标的实现将加强对早发性饮酒、心理社会发展和青年期酗酒问题之间关系的理解。因此，这项研究应该通过确定哪些可改变的风险因素应该成为减少年轻人饮酒问题的最大目标，从而促进预防工作。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overarching goal of this competing renewal application is to examine the linkage between child and adolescent predictors and young adult alcohol use and problems using longitudinal data from the Tween to Teen Project, a community sample of 452 European-American and African-American 8- and 10-year-old children and their families randomly selected from Allegheny County (PA). By the end of the 10th year of funding, 14 waves will have been collected on the two age cohorts, encompassing ages 8-16 for the younger cohort and ages 10-18 for the older cohort. This renewal will support the collection of age-18 data on the younger cohort and age-21 data on both age cohorts. The Tween to Teen Project is unique in its attention to the development of both alcohol-specific and general risk factors for the early initiation of drinking and the escalation into problem drinking from middle childhood through middle adolescence. The theoretical framework underlying the research is Problem Behavior Theory (PBT: Jessor & Jessor, 1977), which we have extended downstream into middle childhood and expanded to include greater attention to the parental and peer social environments and their influence on socialization. In addition, variables reflecting behavioral undercontrol, negative affectivity, temperament, and family history of alcohol problems were incorporated in the longitudinal assessments. Retention has been excellent. As of Wave 12, 85 percent of the original sample (384 of 452 families) are still participating. Waves 13 and 14 are ongoing. Specific aims are the following: 1) To describe the trajectories of development on alcohol-specific and general risk factors from middle childhood into young adulthood, comparing trajectories across early-onset drinkers (age 14 or younger), later-onset drinkers (age 15+), and never drinkers; 2) To determine the young adult consequences of early-onset drinking in contrast to later-onset drinking using age-21 data; 3) To use the personality, social environment, and behavior variables of PBT and the other variables collected in the Tween and Teen phases of data collection as prospective antecedent predictors of young adult alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD) outcomes; and 4) To examine the relationship between growth in alcohol involvement from adolescence into young adulthood and growth in latent constructs reflecting problem behavior proneness in Problem Behavior Theory, as well as constructs reflecting behavioral undercontrol and negative affectivity. Accomplishment of these research aims should enhance understanding of the relationships among early-onset drinking, psychosocial development, and movement into problematic alcohol use in young adulthood. The research should thereby advance prevention efforts by identifying which modifiable risk factors should be targeted for maximum effect in reducing young adult problem drinking. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research should enhance understanding of the relationships among early-onset drinking, psychosocial development, and movement into problematic alcohol use in young adulthood. The research should thereby advance prevention efforts by identifying which modifiable risk factors should be targeted for maximum effect in reducing young adult problem drinking.