Circuit mechanisms for temporal filtering in the auditory thalamus

听觉丘脑中时间过滤的电路机制

• 批准号: 8117067
• 负责人: Alfred P Kaye
• 金额: $ 3.39万
• 依托单位: SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2013-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8117067
• 关键词: Accounting; Acoustic Nerve; Affect; Auditory; Auditory Brain Stem Implants; Auditory Perception; Auditory system; Automobile Driving; Brain Stem; Calcium; Cell Nucleus; Cells; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Code; Collaborations; Computational Technique; Computer Analysis; Data; Data Set; Development; Dimensions; Electrophysiology (science); Elements; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Exhibits; Future; Future Generations; Geniculate body structure; Hearing; Implant; In Vitro; Inferior; Inferior Colliculus; Information Theory; Ion Channel; Knowledge; Lateral Geniculate Body; Lead; Lesion; Light; Maps; Medial; Membrane; Methods; Modeling; Nature; Neuromodulator; Neurons; Neurosciences; Optics; Output; Patients; Pattern; Phase; Play; Positioning Attribute; Process; Property; Prosthesis; Psychological Techniques; Research; Retinal; Role; Sensory Process; Slice; Staging; Stimulus; Synapses; Synaptic plasticity; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Thalamic structure; Time; Training; Validation; Work; auditory stimulus; cell type; deafness; improved; in vivo; insight; neural circuit; neuromechanism; neuroregulation; operation; postsynaptic; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; retinogeniculate; sensory neuroscience; success; tool; transmission process; visual process; visual processing; voltage

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Timing is of central importance in hearing - this principle is reflected in the greater temporal precision of stimulus locked responses in neural circuits responsible for auditory processing as compared with visual processing. However, beginning with the auditory thalamus and continuing to cortex, neurons exhibit spiking patterns that are no longer phase-locked to stimulus features. The mechanisms by which the thalamic circuit transforms a stimulus-locked code into another, as-of-yet undefined code are thus intimately related to the precise temporal filtering operations that are implemented. This proposal seeks to elucidate those mechanisms with a new precision using a new information-theoretic method for deriving those temporal filtering operations from recorded spike trains in concert with slice electrophysiology and light-activated ion channels targeted to specific cell types. This work may have relevance to the development of auditory prostheses - in the same way that early cochlear implants did not take advantage of the tonotopic mapping of the auditory nerve, future generations of auditory implants may use knowledge about the temporal transformation of inputs that occurs in the brainstem and thalamus. Understanding the profound transformation of afferent information that occurs in the thalamus may bridge the gap between what is known about brainstem encoding of auditory information and what is not known about higher-level representations of auditory stimuli in the cortex. Optical control of collicular inputs to the medial geniculate nucleus may also represent an alternative method for auditory prosthetic devices. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The success of cochlear implants for treating deafness has been remarkable - yet this technology is ultimately fruitless for patients with lesions beyond the cochlea, so auditory brainstem implants have been in development since the 1970s to directly stimulate the next level of auditory processing. This proposal seeks to decipher the nature of the encoding of timing information in the auditory thalamus using a combination of advanced biophysical and computational techniques, so that future generations of auditory implants can benefit from this improved knowledge. The project also represents an application of optical control of neural activity in the auditory system, a potentially exciting avenue for future prosthetics research.

描述(申请人提供)：计时在听力中至关重要--与视觉处理相比，这一原理反映在负责听觉处理的神经回路中的刺激锁定反应的更高的时间精度上。然而，从听觉丘脑开始，继续到皮层，神经元呈现出不再与刺激功能相锁定的尖峰模式。丘脑电路将刺激锁定代码转换为另一个尚未定义的代码的机制因此与所实现的精确时间滤波操作密切相关。这项提议试图用一种新的信息论方法，结合切片电生理学和针对特定细胞类型的光激活离子通道，从记录的棘波序列中推导出这些时间过滤操作，并以新的精度阐明这些机制。这项工作可能与听觉假体的发展有关--就像早期的人工耳蜗术没有利用听神经的立位映射一样，未来几代听觉植入术可能会使用脑干和丘脑中发生的输入的时间转换的知识。了解丘脑传入信息的深刻变化，可能会弥合关于听觉信息的脑干编码的已知信息和关于大脑皮质中听觉刺激的高级表征的未知差距。光学控制内侧膝状核的丘系输入也可能是听觉假体装置的另一种方法。 与公共健康相关：人工耳蜗术在治疗耳聋方面取得了显著的成功--然而，这项技术对于耳蜗区以外病变的患者来说最终是徒劳的，因此，自20世纪70年代以来，听觉脑干植入术一直在开发，以直接刺激下一级的听觉处理。这项提议试图利用先进的生物物理和计算技术的组合来破译听觉丘脑中定时信息编码的本质，以便未来的听觉植入物可以从这种改进的知识中受益。该项目还代表了光学控制神经活动在听觉系统中的应用，这是未来假体研究的一个潜在的令人兴奋的途径。